PIC16LF18854 Datasheet, PDF (111/668 Pages) Microchip Technology – C Compiler Optimized RISC Architecture

PIC16(L)F18856/76
6.2 Clock Source Types
Clock sources can be classified as external or internal.
External clock sources rely on external circuitry for the
clock source to function. Examples are: oscillator
modules (ECH, ECM, ECL mode), quartz crystal
resonators or ceramic resonators (LP, XT and HS
modes).
Internal clock sources are contained within the
oscillator module. The internal oscillator block has two
internal oscillators and a dedicated Phase Lock Loop
(PLL) that are used to generate internal system clock
sources. The High-Frequency Internal Oscillator
(HFINTOSC) can produce a range from 1 to 32 MHz.
The Low-Frequency Internal Oscillator (LFINTOSC)
generates a 31 kHz frequency. The external oscillator
block can also be used with the PLL. See
Section 6.2.1.4 “4x PLL” for more details.
The system clock can be selected between external or
internal clock sources via the NOSC bits in the
OSCCON1 register. See Section 6.3 “Clock
Switching” for additional information.
6.2.1 EXTERNAL CLOCK SOURCES
An external clock source can be used as the device
system clock by performing one of the following
actions:
• Program the RSTOSC<2:0> bits in the
Configuration Words to select an external clock
source that will be used as the default system
clock upon a device Reset
• Write the NOSC<2:0> and NDIV<4:0> bits in the
OSCCON1 register to switch the system clock
source
See Section 6.3 “Clock Switching”for more
information.
6.2.1.1 EC Mode
The External Clock (EC) mode allows an externally
generated logic level signal to be the system clock
source. When operating in this mode, an external clock
source is connected to the OSC1 input.
OSC2/CLKOUT is available for general purpose I/O or
CLKOUT. Figure 6-2 shows the pin connections for EC
mode.
EC mode has three power modes to select from through
Configuration Words:
• ECH – High power, 4-32 MHz
• ECM – Medium power, 0.1-4 MHz
• ECL – Low power, 0-0.1 MHz
The Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) is disabled when
EC mode is selected. Therefore, there is no delay in
operation after a Power-on Reset (POR) or wake-up
from Sleep. Because the PIC^® MCU design is fully
static, stopping the external clock input will have the
effect of halting the device while leaving all data intact.
Upon restarting the external clock, the device will
resume operation as if no time had elapsed.
FIGURE 6-2:
EXTERNAL CLOCK (EC)
MODE OPERATION
Clock from
Ext. System
FOSC/4 or I/O⁽¹⁾
OSC1/CLKIN
PIC^® MCU
OSC2/CLKOUT
Note 1: Output depends upon CLKOUTEN bit of the
Configuration Words.
6.2.1.2 LP, XT, HS Modes
The LP, XT and HS modes support the use of quartz
crystal resonators or ceramic resonators connected to
OSC1 and OSC2 (Figure 6-3). The three modes select
a low, medium or high gain setting of the internal
inverter-amplifier to support various resonator types
and speed.
LP Oscillator mode selects the lowest gain setting of the
internal inverter-amplifier. LP mode current consumption
is the least of the three modes. This mode is designed to
drive only 32.768 kHz tuning-fork type crystals (watch
crystals).
XT Oscillator mode selects the intermediate gain
setting of the internal inverter-amplifier. XT mode
current consumption is the medium of the three modes.
This mode is best suited to drive resonators with a
medium drive level specification.
HS Oscillator mode selects the highest gain setting of the
internal inverter-amplifier. HS mode current consumption
is the highest of the three modes. This mode is best
suited for resonators that require a high drive setting.
Figure 6-3 and Figure 6-4 show typical circuits for
quartz crystal and ceramic resonators, respectively.
 2016 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40001824A-page 111