UPSD3422_06 Datasheet, PDF (106/293 Pages) STMicroelectronics – Turbo Plus Series Fast Turbo 8032 MCU with USB and Programmable Logic

Serial UART interfaces
uPSD34xx
of the MCU the machine cycle following the next rollover in the divide-by-16 counter. Thus,
the bit times are synchronized to the divide-by-16 counter, not to the writing of SBUF.
Transmission begins with activation of SEND which puts the start bit at pin TxD. One bit time
later, DATA is activated, which enables the output bit of the transmit shift register to pin TxD.
The first shift pulse occurs one bit time after that. As data bits shift out to the right, zeros are
clocked in from the left. When the MSB of the data byte is at the output position of the shift
register, then the 1 that was initially loaded into the 9th position is just to the left of the MSB,
and all positions to the left of that contain zeros. This condition flags the TX Control unit to
do one last shift and then deactivates SEND, and sets the interrupt flag, TI. This occurs at
the 10th divide-by-16 rollover after a write to SBUF.
Reception is initiated by a detected 1-to-0 transition at the pin RxD. For this purpose RxD is
sampled at a rate of 16 times whatever baud rate has been established. When a transition is
detected, the divide-by-16 counter is immediately reset, and 1FFH is written into the input
shift register. Resetting the divide-by-16 counter aligns its rollovers with the boundaries of
the incoming bit times. The 16 states of the counter divide each bit time into 16ths. At the
7th, 8th, and 9th counter states of each bit time, the bit detector samples the value of RxD.
The value accepted is the value that was seen in at least 2 of the 3 samples. This is done for
noise rejection. If the value accepted during the first bit time is not '0,' the receive circuits are
reset and the unit goes back to looking for another '1'-to-'0' transition. This is to provide
rejection of false start bits. If the start bit proves valid, it is shifted into the input shift register,
and reception of the reset of the rest of the frame will proceed. As data bits come in from the
right, '1s' shift out to the left. When the start bit arrives at the left-most position in the shift
register (which in mode 1 is a 9-bit register), it flags the RX Control unit to do one last shift,
load SBUF and RB8, and set the receive interrupt flag RI. The signal to load SBUF and
RB8, and to set RI, will be generated if, and only if, the following conditions are met at the
time the final shift pulse is generated:
1. RI = 0, and
2. Either SM2 = 0, or the received stop bit = 1.
If either of these two conditions are not met, the received frame is irretrievably lost. If both
conditions are met, the stop bit goes into RB8, the 8 data bits go into SBUF, and RI is
activated. At this time, whether the above conditions are met or not, the unit goes back to
looking for a '1'-to-'0' transition on pin RxD.
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