PIC18F6525_13 Datasheet, PDF (46/400 Pages) Microchip Technology – 64/80-Pin High-Performance, 64-Kbyte Enhanced Flash Microcontrollers with A/D

PIC18F6525/6621/8525/8621
4.7.1 TWO-WORD INSTRUCTIONS
The PIC18F6525/6621/8525/8621 devices have four
two-word instructions: MOVFF, CALL, GOTO and LFSR.
The second word of these instructions has the 4 MSBs
set to ‘1’s and is a special kind of NOP instruction. The
lower 12 bits of the second word contain data to be
used by the instruction. If the first word of the instruction
is executed, the data in the second word is accessed.
If the second word of the instruction is executed by itself
(first word was skipped), it will execute as a NOP. This
action is necessary when the two-word instruction is
preceded by a conditional instruction that changes the
PC. A program example that demonstrates this concept
is shown in Example 4-3. Refer to Section 25.0
“Instruction Set Summary” for further details of the
instruction set.
EXAMPLE 4-3:
CASE 1:
TWO-WORD INSTRUCTIONS
Object Code
Source Code
0110 0110 0000 0000
1100 0001 0010 0011
1111 0100 0101 0110
0010 0100 0000 0000
TSTFSZ
MOVFF
ADDWF
REG1
; is RAM location 0?
REG1, REG2 ; No, execute 2-word instruction
; 2nd operand holds address of REG2
REG3
; continue code
CASE 2:
Object Code
Source Code
0110 0110 0000 0000
1100 0001 0010 0011
1111 0100 0101 0110
0010 0100 0000 0000
TSTFSZ
MOVFF
ADDWF
REG1
; is RAM location 0?
REG1, REG2 ; Yes
; 2nd operand becomes NOP
REG3
; continue code
4.8 Look-up Tables
Look-up tables are implemented two ways. These are:
• Computed GOTO
• Table Reads
4.8.1 COMPUTED GOTO
A computed GOTO is accomplished by adding an offset
to the program counter (ADDWF PCL).
A look-up table can be formed with an ADDWF PCL
instruction and a group of RETLW 0xnn instructions.
WREG is loaded with an offset into the table before exe-
cuting a call to that table. The first instruction of the called
routine is the ADDWF PCL instruction. The next instruction
executed will be one of the RETLW 0xnn instructions that
returns the value 0xnn to the calling function.
The offset value (value in WREG) specifies the number
of bytes that the program counter should advance.
In this method, only one data byte may be stored in
each instruction location and room on the return
address stack is required.
Note:
The ADDWF PCL instruction does not
update PCLATH and PCLATU. A read
operation on PCL must be performed to
update PCLATH and PCLATU.
EXAMPLE 4-4: COMPUTED GOTO USING AN OFFSET VALUE
MAIN:
…
TABLE
ORG
MOVLW
CALL
ORG
MOVF
RLNCF
ADDWF
RETLW
RETLW
RETLW
RETLW
RETLW
END
0x0000
0x00
TABLE
0x8000
PCL, F
W, W
PCL
‘A’
‘B’
‘C’
‘D’
‘E’
; A simple read of PCL will update PCLATH, PCLATU
; Multiply by 2 to get correct offset in table
; Add the modified offset to force jump into table
DS39612C-page 46
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