ATMEGA8U2_14 Datasheet, PDF (163/310 Pages) ATMEL Corporation – 125 Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle Execution

ATmega8U2/16U2/32U2
Figure 18-7. Stop Bit Sampling and Next Start Bit Sampling
RxD
STOP 1 (A)
(B)
(C)
Sample
(U2X = 0)
Sample
(U2X = 1)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0/1 0/1 0/1
1
2
3
4
5
6
0/1
The same majority voting is done to the stop bit as done for the other bits in the frame. If the stop
bit is registered to have a logic 0 value, the Frame Error (FEn) Flag will be set.
A new high to low transition indicating the start bit of a new frame can come right after the last of
the bits used for majority voting. For Normal Speed mode, the first low level sample can be at
point marked (A) in Figure 18-7. For Double Speed mode the first low level must be delayed to
(B). (C) marks a stop bit of full length. The early start bit detection influences the operational
range of the Receiver.
18.8.3
Asynchronous Operational Range
The operational range of the Receiver is dependent on the mismatch between the received bit
rate and the internally generated baud rate. If the Transmitter is sending frames at too fast or too
slow bit rates, or the internally generated baud rate of the Receiver does not have a similar (see
Table 18-2) base frequency, the Receiver will not be able to synchronize the frames to the start
bit.
The following equations can be used to calculate the ratio of the incoming data rate and internal
receiver baud rate.
R_slow
=
-----------^---^D------⁺-----¹----^--^S------------
S – 1 + D  S + S_F
R _fast
=
--------^--^D------⁺-----²----^--^S---------
D + 1S + S_M
D
Sum of character size and parity size (D = 5 to 10 bit)
S
Samples per bit. S = 16 for Normal Speed mode and S = 8 for Double Speed
mode.
S_F
First sample number used for majority voting. S_F = 8 for normal speed and S_F = 4
for Double Speed mode.
S_M
R_slow
Middle sample number used for majority voting. S_M = 9 for normal speed and
S_M = 5 for Double Speed mode.
is the ratio of the slowest incoming data rate that can be accepted in relation to the
receiver baud rate. R_fast is the ratio of the fastest incoming data rate that can be
accepted in relation to the receiver baud rate.
Table 18-2 and Table 18-3 list the maximum receiver baud rate error that can be tolerated. Note
that Normal Speed mode has higher toleration of baud rate variations.
7799D–AVR–11/10
163