ATMEGA8U2_14 Datasheet, PDF (126/310 Pages) ATMEL Corporation – 125 Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle Execution

7799D–AVR–11/10
ATmega8U2/16U2/32U2
the maximum resolution is 16-bit (ICRn or OCRnA set to MAX). The PWM resolution in bits can
be calculated using the following equation:
R_PFCPWM
=
l_--o_---g_----_---T_---O_-----P_-----+_-----1_----
log  2 
In phase and frequency correct PWM mode the counter is incremented until the counter value
matches either the value in ICRn (WGMn[3:0] = 8), or the value in OCRnA (WGMn[3:0] = 9). The
counter has then reached the TOP and changes the count direction. The TCNTn value will be
equal to TOP for one timer clock cycle. The timing diagram for the phase correct and frequency
correct PWM mode is shown on Figure 16-9. The figure shows phase and frequency correct
PWM mode when OCRnA or ICRn is used to define TOP. The TCNTn value is in the timing dia-
gram shown as a histogram for illustrating the dual-slope operation. The diagram includes non-
inverted and inverted PWM outputs. The small horizontal line marks on the TCNTn slopes repre-
sent compare matches between OCRnx and TCNTn. The OCnx Interrupt Flag will be set when a
compare match occurs.
Figure 16-9. Phase and Frequency Correct PWM Mode, Timing Diagram
OCnA Interrupt Flag Set
or ICFn Interrupt Flag Set
(Interrupt on TOP)
OCRnx/TOP Updateand
TOVn Interrupt Flag Set
(Interrupt on Bottom)
TCNTn
OCnx
OCnx
(COMnx1:0 = 2)
(COMnx1:0 = 3)
Period
1
2
3
4
The Timer/Counter Overflow Flag (TOVn) is set at the same timer clock cycle as the OCRnx
Registers are updated with the double buffer value (at BOTTOM). When either OCRnA or ICRn
is used for defining the TOP value, the OCnA or ICFn Flag set when TCNTn has reached TOP.
The Interrupt Flags can then be used to generate an interrupt each time the counter reaches the
TOP or BOTTOM value.
When changing the TOP value the program must ensure that the new TOP value is higher or
equal to the value of all of the Compare Registers. If the TOP value is lower than any of the
Compare Registers, a compare match will never occur between the TCNTn and the OCRnx.
As Figure 16-9 shows the output generated is, in contrast to the phase correct mode, symmetri-
cal in all periods. Since the OCRnx Registers are updated at BOTTOM, the length of the rising
and the falling slopes will always be equal. This gives symmetrical output pulses and is therefore
frequency correct.
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