CP3BT23 Datasheet, PDF (20/260 Pages) Texas Instruments – CP3BT23 Reprogrammable Connectivity Processor with Bluetooth and Dual CAN Interfaces

5.6 STACKS
5.7 INSTRUCTION SET
A stack is a last-in, first-out data structure for dynamic stor- Table 4 lists the operand specifiers for the instruction set,
age of data and addresses. A stack consists of a block of and Table 5 is a summary of all instructions. For each in-
memory used to hold the data and a pointer to the top of the struction, the table shows the mnemonic and a brief de-
stack. As more data is pushed onto a stack, the stack grows scription of the operation performed.
downward in memory. The CR16C supports two types of _{In the mnemonic column, the lower-case letter “i” is used to}
stacks: the interrupt stack and program stacks.
indicate the type of integer that the instruction operates on,
5.6.1 Interrupt Stack
either “B” for byte or “W” for word. For example, the notation
The processor uses the interrupt stack to save and restore
the program state during the exception handling. Hardware
automatically pushes this data onto the interrupt stack be-
ADDi for the “add” instruction means that there are two
forms of this instruction, ADDB and ADDW, which operate
on bytes and words, respectively.
fore entering an exception handler. When the exception ^{Similarly, the lower-case string “cond” is used to indicate the}
handler returns, hardware restores the processor state with ^{type of condition tested by the instruction. For example, the}
data popped from the interrupt stack. The interrupt stack ^{notation Jcond represents a class of conditional jump in-}
pointer is held in the ISP register.
5.6.2 Program Stack
The program stack is normally used by software to save and
restore register values on subroutine entry and exit, hold lo-
cal and temporary variables, and hold parameters passed
between the calling routine and the subroutine. The only
te ^{hardware mechanisms which operate on the program stack}
are the PUSH, POP, and POPRET instructions.
structions: JEQ for Jump on Equal, JNE for Jump on Not
Equal, etc. For detailed information on all instructions, see
the CompactRISC CR16C Programmer's Reference Manu-
al.
Table 4 Key to Operand Specifiers
Operand Specifier
abs
Description
Absolute address
5.6.3 User and Supervisor Stack Pointers
To support multitasking operating systems, support is pro-
vided for two program stack pointers: a user stack pointer
and a supervisor stack pointer. When the PSR.U bit is clear,
le ^{the SP register is used for all program stack operations. This}
is the default mode when the user/supervisor protection
mechanism is not used, and it is the supervisor mode when
protection is used.
disp
imm
Iposition
Rbase
Displacement (numeric suffix
indicates number of bits)
Immediate operand (numeric suf-
fix indicates number of bits)
Bit position in memory
Base register (relative mode)
When the PSR.U bit is set, the processor is in user mode,
o ^{and the USP register is used as the program stack pointer.}
User mode can only be entered using the JUSR instruction,
which performs a jump and sets the PSR.U bit. User mode
is exited when an exception is taken and re-entered when
s ^{the exception handler returns. In user mode, the LPRD in-}
struction cannot be used to change the state of processor
registers (such as the PSR).
Rdest
Rindex
RPbase, RPbasex
RPdest
RPlink
Destination register
Index register
Base register pair (relative mode)
Destination register pair
Link register pair
Rposition
Bit position in register
b _Rproc
16-bit processor register
Rprocd
32-bit processor register
RPsrc
Source register pair
O ^RPtarget
Target register pair
Rsrc, Rsrc1, Rsrc2
Source register
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