GXLV Datasheet, PDF (213/247 Pages) National Semiconductor (TI) – Geode™ GXLV Processor Series Low Power Integrated x86 Solutions

8.0 Instruction Set
This section summarizes the Geode GXLV processor
instruction set and provides detailed information on the
instruction encodings. The instruction set is divided into
four categories:
• Processor Core Instruction Set - listed in Table 8-27 on
page 223.
• FPU Instruction Set - listed in Table 8-29 on page 235.
• MMX Instruction Set - listed in Table 8-31 on page 240.
• Extended MMX Instruction Set - listed in Table 8-33 on
page 245.
These tables provide information on the instruction encod-
ing, and the instruction clock counts for each instruction.
The clock count values for these tables are based on the
following assumptions
1. All clock counts refer to the internal processor core
clock frequency. For example, clock doubled GXLV
processor cores will reference a clock frequency that
is twice the bus frequency.
2. The instruction has been prefetched, decoded and is
ready for execution.
3. Bus cycles do not require wait states.
4. There are no local bus HOLD requests delaying
processor access to the bus.
5. No exceptions are detected during instruction execu-
tion.
6. If an effective address is calculated, it does not use
two general register components. One register,
scaling and displacement can be used within the
clock count shown. However, if the effective address
calculation uses two general register components,
add one clock to the clock count shown.
7. All clock counts assume aligned 32-bit memory/IO
operands.
8. If instructions access a 32-bit operand on odd
addresses, add one clock for read or write and add
two clocks for read and write.
9. For non-cached memory accesses, add two clocks
(clock doubled GXLV processor cores) or four clocks
(clock tripled GXLV processor cores), assuming zero
wait state memory accesses.
10. Locked cycles are not cacheable. Therefore, using the
LOCK prefix with an instruction adds additional clocks
as specified in item 9 above.
8.1 GENERAL INSTRUCTION SET FORMAT
Depending on the instruction, the GXLV processor core
instructions follow the general instruction format shown in
Table 8-1.
These instructions vary in length and can start at any byte
address. An instruction consists of one or more bytes that
can include prefix bytes, at least one opcode byte, a mod
r/m byte, an s-i-b byte, address displacement, and imme-
diate data. An instruction can be as short as one byte and
as long as 15 bytes. If there are more than 15 bytes in the
instruction, a general protection fault (error code 0) is gen-
erated.
The fields in the general instruction format at the byte
level are summarized in Table 8-2 and detailed in the fol-
lowing subsections.
Prefix (optional)
0 or More Bytes
Opcode
1 or 2 Bytes
Table 8-1. General Instruction Set Format
Register and Address Mode Specifier
mod r/m Byte
mod reg r/m
7:6
5:3
2:0
s-i-b Byte
ss index base
7:6
5:3
2:0
Address
Displacement
0, 8, 16, or 32 Bits
Immediate
Data
0, 8, 16, or 32 Bits
Field Name
Prefix (optional)
Opcode
mod
reg
r/m
ss
index
base
Address Displacement
Immediate Data
Revision 1.1
Table 8-2. Instruction Fields
Description
Prefix Field(s): One or more optional fields that are used to specify segment register override, address
and operand size, repeat elements in string instruction, LOCK# assertion.
Opcode Field: Identifies instruction operation.
Address Mode Specifier: Used with r/m field to select addressing mode.
General Register Specifier: Uses reg, sreg3 or sreg2 encoding depending on opcode field.
Address Mode Specifier: Used with mod field to select addressing mode.
Scale factor: Determines scaled-index address mode.
Index: Determines general register to be used as index register.
Base: Determines general register to be used as base register.
Displacement: Determines address displacement.
Immediate Data: Immediate data operand used by instruction.
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