MC908GR32AVFAE Datasheet, PDF (71/314 Pages) Freescale Semiconductor, Inc – Microcontrollers

Chapter 4
Clock Generator Module (CGM)
4.1 Introduction
This section describes the clock generator module. The CGM generates the crystal clock signal,
CGMXCLK, which operates at the frequency of the crystal. The CGM also generates the base clock
signal, CGMOUT, which is based on either the crystal clock divided by two or the phase-locked loop (PLL)
clock, CGMVCLK, divided by two. In user mode, CGMOUT is the clock from which the SIM derives the
system clocks, including the bus clock, which is at a frequency of CGMOUT/2. The PLL is a fully functional
frequency generator designed for use with crystals or ceramic resonators. The PLL can generate a
maximum bus frequency of 8 MHz using a 1-8MHz crystal or external clock source.
4.2 Features
Features of the CGM include:
• Phase-locked loop with output frequency in integer multiples of an integer dividend of the crystal
reference
• High-frequency crystal operation with low-power operation and high-output frequency resolution
• Programmable hardware voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) for low-jitter operation
• Automatic bandwidth control mode for low-jitter operation
• Automatic frequency lock detector
• CPU interrupt on entry or exit from locked condition
• Configuration register bit to allow oscillator operation during stop mode
4.3 Functional Description
The CGM consists of three major submodules:
• Crystal oscillator circuit — The crystal oscillator circuit generates the constant crystal frequency
clock, CGMXCLK.
• Phase-locked loop (PLL) — The PLL generates the programmable VCO frequency clock,
CGMVCLK.
• Base clock selector circuit — This software-controlled circuit selects either CGMXCLK divided by
two or the VCO clock, CGMVCLK, divided by two as the base clock, CGMOUT. The SIM derives
the system clocks from either CGMOUT or CGMXCLK.
Figure 4-1 shows the structure of the CGM.
MC68HC908GR60A • MC68HC908GR48A • MC68HC908GR32A Data Sheet, Rev. 5
Freescale Semiconductor
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