MC68HC05L16 Datasheet, PDF (103/146 Pages) Freescale Semiconductor, Inc – Microcontrollers

Chapter 11
Instruction Set
11.1 Introduction
The microcontroller unit (MCU) instruction set has 62 instructions and uses eight addressing modes. The
instructions include all those of the M146805 CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) Family
plus one more: the unsigned multiply (MUL) instruction. The MUL instruction allows unsigned
multiplication of the contents of the accumulator (A) and the index register (X). The high-order product is
stored in the index register, and the low-order product is stored in the accumulator.
11.2 Addressing Modes
The central processor unit (CPU) uses eight addressing modes for flexibility in accessing data. The
addressing modes provide eight different ways for the CPU to find the data required to execute an
instruction. The eight addressing modes are:
• Inherent
• Immediate
• Direct
• Extended
• Indexed, no offset
• Indexed, 8-bit offset
• Indexed, 16-bit offset
• Relative
11.2.1 Inherent
Inherent instructions are those that have no operand, such as return from interrupt (RTI) and stop (STOP).
Some of the inherent instructions act on data in the CPU registers, such as set carry flag (SEC) and
increment accumulator (INCA). Inherent instructions require no operand address and are one byte long.
11.2.2 Immediate
Immediate instructions are those that contain a value to be used in an operation with the value in the
accumulator or index register. Immediate instructions require no operand address and are two bytes long.
The opcode is the first byte, and the immediate data value is the second byte.
11.2.3 Direct
Direct instructions can access any of the first 256 memory locations with two bytes. The first byte is the
opcode, and the second is the low byte of the operand address. In direct addressing, the CPU
automatically uses $00 as the high byte of the operand address.
MC68HC05L16 • MC68HC705L16 Data Sheet, Rev. 4.1
Freescale Semiconductor
103