LAN9116 Datasheet, PDF (50/109 Pages) SMSC Corporation – Highly Efficient Single-Chip 10/100 Non-PCI Ethernet Controller

LAN9116
4.4.1 10M TRANSMIT DATA ACROSS THE INTERNAL MII BUS
The MAC controller drives the transmit data onto the internal TXD BUS. When the controller has driven TX_EN high to
indicate valid data, the data is latched by the MII block on the rising edge of TX_CLK. The data is in the form of 4-bit
wide 2.5MHz data.
4.4.2 MANCHESTER ENCODING
The 4-bit wide data is sent to the TX10M block. The nibbles are converted to a 10Mbps serial NRZI data stream. The
10M PLL locks onto the external clock or internal oscillator and produces a 20MHz clock. This is used to Manchester
encode the NRZ data stream. When no data is being transmitted (TX_EN is low), the TX10M block outputs Normal Link
Pulses (NLPs) to maintain communications with the remote link partner.
4.4.3 10M TRANSMIT DRIVERS
The Manchester encoded data is sent to the analog transmitter where it is shaped and filtered before being driven out
as a differential signal across the TXP and TXN outputs.
4.5 10Base-T Receive
The 10Base-T receiver gets the Manchester- encoded analog signal from the cable via the magnetics. It recovers the
receive clock from the signal and uses this clock to recover the NRZI data stream. This 10M serial data is converted to
4-bit data nibbles which are passed to the controller across the MII at a rate of 2.5MHz.
This 10M receiver uses the following blocks:
• Filter and SQUELCH (analog)
• 10M PLL (analog)
• RX 10M (digital)
• MII (digital)
4.5.1 10M RECEIVE INPUT AND SQUELCH
The Manchester signal from the cable is fed into the PHY (on inputs RXP and RXN) via 1:1 ratio magnetics. It is first
filtered to reduce any out-of-band noise. It then passes through a SQUELCH circuit. The SQUELCH is a set of amplitude
and timing comparators that normally reject differential voltage levels below 300mV and detect and recognize differential
voltages above 585mV.
4.5.2 MANCHESTER DECODING
The output of the SQUELCH goes to the RX10M block where it is validated as Manchester encoded data. The polarity
of the signal is also checked. If the polarity is reversed (local RXP is connected to RXN of the remote partner and vice
versa), then this is identified and corrected. The reversed condition is indicated by the flag “XPOL“, bit 4 in register 27.
The 10M PLL is locked onto the received Manchester signal and from this, generates the received 20MHz clock. Using
this clock, the Manchester encoded data is extracted and converted to a 10MHz NRZI data stream. It is then converted
from serial to 4-bit wide parallel data.
The RX10M block also detects valid 10Base-T IDLE signals - Normal Link Pulses (NLPs) - to maintain the link.
4.5.3 JABBER DETECTION
Jabber is a condition in which a station transmits for a period of time longer than the maximum permissible packet length,
usually due to a fault condition, that results in holding the TX_EN input for a long period. Special logic is used to detect
the jabber state and abort the transmission to the line, within 45ms. Once TX_EN is deasserted, the logic resets the
jabber condition.
4.6 Auto-negotiation
The purpose of the Auto-negotiation function is to automatically configure the PHY to the optimum link parameters
based on the capabilities of its link partner. Auto-negotiation is a mechanism for exchanging configuration information
between two link-partners and automatically selecting the highest performance mode of operation supported by both
sides. Auto-negotiation is fully defined in clause 28 of the IEEE 802.3 specification.
Once auto-negotiation has completed, information about the resolved link can be passed back to the controller via the
internal Serial Management Interface (SMI). The results of the negotiation process are reflected in the Speed Indication
bits in register 31, as well as the Link Partner Ability Register (Register 5).
DS00002268A-page 50
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