PIC32MX1XX Datasheet, PDF (144/320 Pages) Microchip Technology – 32-bit Microcontrollers (up to 128 KB Flash and 32 KB SRAM) with Audio and Graphics Interfaces, USB, and Advanced Analog

PIC32MX1XX/2XX
11.1 Parallel I/O (PIO) Ports
All port pins have ten registers directly associated with
their operation as digital I/O. The data direction register
(TRISx) determines whether the pin is an input or an
output. If the data direction bit is a ‘1’, then the pin is an
input. All port pins are defined as inputs after a Reset.
Reads from the latch (LATx) read the latch. Writes to
the latch write the latch. Reads from the port (PORTx)
read the port pins, while writes to the port pins write the
latch.
11.1.1 OPEN-DRAIN CONFIGURATION
In addition to the PORTx, LATx, and TRISx registers for
data control, some port pins can also be individually
configured for either digital or open-drain output. This is
controlled by the Open-Drain Control register, ODCx,
associated with each port. Setting any of the bits con-
figures the corresponding pin to act as an open-drain
output.
The open-drain feature allows the generation of out-
puts higher than VDD (e.g., 5V) on any desired 5V-tol-
erant pins by using external pull-up resistors. The
maximum open-drain voltage allowed is the same as
the maximum VIH specification.
See the “Pin Diagrams” section for the available pins
and their functionality.
11.1.2
CONFIGURING ANALOG AND
DIGITAL PORT PINS
The ANSELx register controls the operation of the
analog port pins. The port pins that are to function as
analog inputs must have their corresponding ANSEL
and TRIS bits set. In order to use port pins for I/O
functionality with digital modules, such as Timers,
UARTs, etc., the corresponding ANSELx bit must be
cleared.
The ANSELx register has a default value of 0xFFFF;
therefore, all pins that share analog functions are
analog (not digital) by default.
If the TRIS bit is cleared (output) while the ANSELx bit
is set, the digital output level (VOH or VOL) is converted
by an analog peripheral, such as the ADC module or
Comparator module.
When the PORT register is read, all pins configured as
analog input channels are read as cleared (a low level).
Pins configured as digital inputs do not convert an
analog input. Analog levels on any pin defined as a
digital input (including the ANx pins) can cause the
input buffer to consume current that exceeds the
device specifications.
11.1.3 I/O PORT WRITE/READ TIMING
One instruction cycle is required between a port
direction change or port write operation and a read
operation of the same port. Typically this instruction
would be an NOP.
11.1.4 INPUT CHANGE NOTIFICATION
The input change notification function of the I/O ports
allows the PIC32MX1XX/2XX devices to generate
interrupt requests to the processor in response to a
change-of-state on selected input pins. This feature can
detect input change-of-states even in Sleep mode,
when the clocks are disabled. Every I/O port pin can be
selected (enabled) for generating an interrupt request
on a change-of-state.
Five control registers are associated with the CN func-
tionality of each I/O port. The CNENx registers contain
the CN interrupt enable control bits for each of the input
pins. Setting any of these bits enables a CN interrupt
for the corresponding pins.
The CNSTATx register indicates whether a change
occurred on the corresponding pin since the last read
of the PORTx bit.
Each I/O pin also has a weak pull-up and a weak
pull-down connected to it. The pull-ups act as a
current source or sink source connected to the pin,
and eliminate the need for external resistors when
push-button or keypad devices are connected. The
pull-ups and pull-downs are enabled separately using
the CNPUx and the CNPDx registers, which contain
the control bits for each of the pins. Setting any of
the control bits enables the weak pull-ups and/or
pull-downs for the corresponding pins.
Note:
Pull-ups and pull-downs on change notifi-
cation pins should always be disabled
when the port pin is configured as a digital
output.
An additional control register (CNCONx) is shown in
Register 11-3.
11.2 CLR, SET and INV Registers
Every I/O module register has a corresponding CLR
(clear), SET (set) and INV (invert) register designed to
provide fast atomic bit manipulations. As the name of
the register implies, a value written to a SET, CLR or
INV register effectively performs the implied operation,
but only on the corresponding base register and only
bits specified as ‘1’ are modified. Bits specified as ‘0’
are not modified.
Reading SET, CLR and INV registers returns undefined
values. To see the affects of a write operation to a SET,
CLR or INV register, the base register must be read.
DS61168D-page 144
Preliminary
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