ATMEGA8_08 Datasheet, PDF (149/308 Pages) ATMEL Corporation – 8-bit with 8K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash

ATmega8(L)
Figure 67. Stop Bit Sampling and Next Start Bit Sampling
RxD
STOP 1 (A)
(B)
(C)
Sample
(U2X = 0)
Sample
(U2X = 1)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0/1 0/1 0/1
1
2
3
4
5
6
0/1
Asynchronous
Operational Range
The same majority voting is done to the stop bit as done for the other bits in the frame. If the stop
bit is registered to have a logic 0 value, the Frame Error (FE) Flag will be set.
A new high to low transition indicating the start bit of a new frame can come right after the last of
the bits used for majority voting. For Normal Speed mode, the first low level sample can be at
point marked (A) in Figure 67. For Double Speed mode the first low level must be delayed to (B).
(C) marks a stop bit of full length. The early start bit detection influences the operational range of
the Receiver.
The operational range of the Receiver is dependent on the mismatch between the received bit
rate and the internally generated baud rate. If the Transmitter is sending frames at too fast or too
slow bit rates, or the internally generated baud rate of the Receiver does not have a similar (see
Table 53) base frequency, the Receiver will not be able to synchronize the frames to the start bit.
The following equations can be used to calculate the ratio of the incoming data rate and internal
Receiver baud rate.
R_slow
=
-----------⁽--^D------+-----¹----⁾--^S------------
S – 1 + D ⋅ S + S_F
R_fast
=
-------⁽---^D------+----²----⁾---^S--------
(D + 1)S + S_M
D Sum of character size and parity size (D = 5- to 10-bit)
S Samples per bit. S = 16 for Normal Speed mode and S = 8
for Double Speed mode.
S_F First sample number used for majority voting. S_F = 8 for Normal Speed
and S_F = 4 for Double Speed mode.
S_M Middle sample number used for majority voting. S_M = 9 for Normal Speed
and S_M = 5 for Double Speed mode.
R_slow is the ratio of the slowest incoming data rate that can be accepted in relation to the
Receiver baud rate. R_fast is the ratio of the fastest incoming data rate that can be
accepted in relation to the Receiver baud rate.
Table 53 and Table 54 list the maximum Receiver baud rate error that can be tolerated. Note
that Normal Speed mode has higher toleration of baud rate variations.
2486T–AVR–05/08
149