M38002M4 Datasheet, PDF (26/173 Pages) Mitsubishi Electric Semiconductor – 8-BIT SINGLE-CHIP MICROCOMPUTER

HARDWARE
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Processor status register (PS)
The processor status register is an 8-bit register consisting of flags
which indicate the status of the processor after an arithmetic op-
eration. Branch operations can be performed by testing the Carry
(C) flag, Zero (Z) flag, Overflow (V) flag, or the Negative (N) flag.
In decimal mode, the Z, V, N flags are not valid.
After reset, the Interrupt disable (I) flag is set to “1”, but all other
flags are undefined. Since the Index X mode (T) and Decimal
mode (D) flags directly affect arithmetic operations, they should be
initialized in the beginning of a program.
(1) Carry flag (C)
The C flag contains a carry or borrow generated by the arith-
metic logic unit (ALU) immediately after an arithmetic opera-
tion. It can also be changed by a shift or rotate instruction.
(2) Zero flag (Z)
The Z flag is set if the result of an immediate arithmetic op-
eration or a data transfer is “0”, and cleared if the result is
anything other than “0”.
(3) Interrupt disable flag (I)
The I flag disables all interrupts except for the interrupt gener-
ated by the BRK instruction.
Interrupts are disabled when the I flag is “1”.
When an interrupt occurs, this flag is automatically set to “1”
to prevent other interrupts from interfering until the current in-
terrupt is serviced.
(4) Decimal mode flag (D)
The D flag determines whether additions and subtractions are
executed in binary or decimal. Binary arithmetic is executed
when this flag is “0”; decimal arithmetic is executed when it is
“1”. Decimal correction is automatic in decimal mode. Only
the ADC and SBC instructions can be used for decimal arith-
metic.
(5) Break flag (B)
The B flag is used to indicate that the current interrupt was
generated by the BRK instruction. The BRK flag in the pro-
cessor status register is always “0”. When the BRK instruc-
tion is used to generate an interrupt, the processor status
register is pushed onto the stack with the break flag set to “1”.
The saved processor status is the only place where the break
flag is ever set.
(6) Index X mode flag (T)
When the T flag is “0”, arithmetic operations are performed
between accumulator and memory, e.g. the results of an op-
eration between two memory locations is stored in the accu-
mulator. When the T flag is “1”, direct arithmetic operations
and direct data transfers are enabled between memory loca-
tions, i.e. between memory and memory, memory and I/O,
and I/O and I/O. In this case, the result of an arithmetic op-
eration performed on data in memory location 1 and memory
location 2 is stored in memory location 1. The address of
memory location 1 is specified by index register X, and the
address of memory location 2 is specified by normal address-
ing modes.
(7) Overflow flag (V)
The V flag is used during the addition or subtraction of one
byte of signed data. It is set if the result exceeds + 127 to
–128. When the BIT instruction is executed, bit 6 of the
memory location operated on by the BIT instruction is stored
in the overflow flag.
(8) Negative flag (N)
The N flag is set if the result of an arithmetic operation or data
transfer is negative. When the BIT instruction is executed, bit
7 of the memory location operated on by the BIT instruction is
stored in the negative flag.
Table 5. Set and clear instructions of each bit of processor status register
Set instruction
Clear instruction
C flag
SEC
CLC
Z flag
—
—
I flag
SEI
CLI
D flag
SED
CLD
B flag
—
—
T flag
SET
CLT
V flag
—
CLV
N flag
—
—
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3800 GROUP USER’S MANUAL