PIC16F870_13 Datasheet, PDF (68/172 Pages) Microchip Technology – 28/40-Pin, 8-Bit CMOS FLASH Microcontrollers

PIC16F870/871
9.2.2
USART ASYNCHRONOUS
RECEIVER
The receiver block diagram is shown in Figure 9-4. The
data is received on the RC7/RX/DT pin and drives the
data recovery block. The data recovery block is actually
a high speed shifter, operating at x16 times the baud
rate; whereas, the main receive serial shifter operates
at the bit rate or at FOSC.
Once Asynchronous mode is selected, reception is
enabled by setting bit CREN (RCSTA<4>).
The heart of the receiver is the Receive (Serial) Shift
register (RSR). After sampling the STOP bit, the
received data in the RSR is transferred to the RCREG
register (if it is empty). If the transfer is complete, flag
bit RCIF (PIR1<5>) is set. The actual interrupt can be
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit RCIE
(PIE1<5>). Flag bit RCIF is a read only bit, which is
cleared by the hardware. It is cleared when the RCREG
register has been read and is empty. The RCREG is a
double-buffered register (i.e., it is a two-deep FIFO). It
is possible for two bytes of data to be received and
transferred to the RCREG FIFO and a third byte to
begin shifting to the RSR register. On the detection of
the STOP bit of the third byte, if the RCREG register is
still full, the overrun error bit OERR (RCSTA<1>) will be
set. The word in the RSR will be lost. The RCREG reg-
ister can be read twice to retrieve the two bytes in the
FIFO. Overrun bit OERR has to be cleared in software.
This is done by resetting the receive logic (CREN is
cleared and then set). If bit OERR is set, transfers from
the RSR register to the RCREG register are inhibited,
and no further data will be received. It is therefore,
essential to clear error bit OERR if it is set. Framing
error bit FERR (RCSTA<2>) is set if a STOP bit is
detected as clear. Bit FERR and the 9th receive bit are
buffered the same way as the receive data. Reading
the RCREG will load bits RX9D and FERR with new
values, therefore, it is essential for the user to read the
RCSTA register before reading the RCREG register in
order not to lose the old FERR and RX9D information.
FIGURE 9-4:
USART RECEIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM
FOSC
x64 Baud Rate CLK
SPBRG
Baud Rate Generator
CREN
64
or
16
OERR
FERR
MSb
RSR Register
LSb
STOP (8) 7  1 0 START
RC7/RX/DT
Pin Buffer
and Control
Data
Recovery
RX9
SPEN
RX9D RCREG Register
FIFO
Interrupt
RCIF
RCIE
8
Data Bus
FIGURE 9-5:
RX (pin)
Rcv Shift
Reg
Rcv Buffer Reg
Read Rcv
Buffer Reg
RCREG
RCIF
(Interrupt Flag)
ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION
START
bit bit0 bit1
START
bit7/8 STOP bit bit0
bit
Word 1
RCREG
START
bit7/8 STOP bit
bit
Word 2
RCREG
bit7/8 STOP
bit
OERR bit
CREN
Note: This timing diagram shows three words appearing on the RX input. The RCREG (receive buffer) is read after the third word,
causing the OERR (overrun) bit to be set.
DS30569C-page 68
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