PIC24HJ16GP304-E Datasheet, PDF (42/274 Pages) Microchip Technology – High-Performance, 16-bit Microcontrollers

PIC24HJ32GP202/204 AND PIC24HJ16GP304
4.2.5 SOFTWARE STACK
In addition to its use as a working register, the W15
register is also used as a software Stack Pointer. The
Stack Pointer always points to the first available free
word and grows from lower to higher addresses. It
pre-decrements for stack pops and post-increments for
stack pushes, as shown in Figure 4-4. For a PC push
during any CALL instruction, the MSB of the PC is
zero-extended before the push, ensuring that the MSB
is always clear.
Note:
A PC push during exception processing
concatenates the SRL register to the MSB
of the PC prior to the push.
The Stack Pointer Limit register (SPLIM) associated
with the Stack Pointer sets an upper address boundary
for the stack. SPLIM is uninitialized at Reset. Similarly,
the Stack Pointer, SPLIM<0> is forced to ‘0’ because all
stack operations must be word aligned.
When an EA is generated using W15 as a source or
destination pointer, the resulting address is compared
with the value in SPLIM. If the contents of the Stack
Pointer (W15) and the SPLIM register are equal and a
push operation is performed, a stack error trap will not
occur. The stack error trap will occur on a subsequent
push operation. For example, to cause a stack error
trap when the stack grows beyond address 0x1000 in
RAM, initialize the SPLIM with the value 0x0FFE.
Similarly, a Stack Pointer underflow (stack error) trap is
generated when the Stack Pointer address is found to
be lesser than 0x0800. This prevents the stack from
interfering with the Special Function Register (SFR)
space.
A write to the SPLIM register should not be immediately
followed by an indirect read operation using W15.
FIGURE 4-4:
0x0000 ₁₅
CALL STACK FRAME
0
PC<15:0>
000000000 PC<22:16>
<Free Word>
W15 (before CALL)
W15 (after CALL)
POP : [--W15]
PUSH : [W15++]
4.2.6 DATA RAM PROTECTION FEATURE
The PIC24H product family supports Data RAM
protection features that enable segments of RAM to be
protected when used in conjunction with Boot and
Secure Code Segment Security. BSRAM (Secure RAM
segment for BS) is accessible only from the Boot
Segment Flash code when enabled. SSRAM (Secure
RAM segment for RAM) is accessible only from the
Secure Segment Flash code when enabled. See
Table 4-1 for an overview of the BSRAM and SSRAM
SFRs.
4.3 Instruction Addressing Modes
The addressing modes shown in Table 4-23 form the
basis of the addressing modes optimized to support the
specific features of individual instructions. The
addressing modes provided in the MAC class of
instructions differ from those in the other instruction
types.
4.3.1 FILE REGISTER INSTRUCTIONS
Most file register instructions use a 13-bit address field
(f) to directly address data present in the first 8192
bytes of data memory (Near Data Space). Most file
register instructions employ a working register, W0,
which is denoted as WREG in these instructions. The
destination is typically either the same file register or
WREG (with the exception of the MUL instruction),
which writes the result to a register or register pair. The
MOV instruction allows additional flexibility and can
access the entire data space.
4.3.2 MCU INSTRUCTIONS
The three-operand MCU instructions are of the form:
Operand 3 = Operand 1 <function> Operand 2
where:
Operand 1 is always a working register (that is, the
addressing mode can only be register direct), which is
referred to as Wb.
Operand 2 can be a W register, fetched from data
memory, or a 5-bit literal. The result location can be
either a W register or a data memory location. The fol-
lowing addressing modes are supported by MCU
instructions:
• Register Direct
• Register Indirect
• Register Indirect Post-Modified
• Register Indirect Pre-Modified
• 5-bit or 10-bit Literal
Note:
Not all instructions support all the
addressing modes given above. Individual
instructions can support different subsets
of these addressing modes.
DS70289H-page 42
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