70291E Datasheet, PDF (146/436 Pages) Microchip Technology – High-Performance, 16-bit Digital Signal Controllers

dsPIC33FJ32MC302/304, dsPIC33FJ64MCX02/X04 AND dsPIC33FJ128MCX02/X04
9.1 CPU Clocking System
The dsPIC33FJ32MC302/304, dsPIC33FJ64MCX02/
X04 and dsPIC33FJ128MCX02/X04 devices provide
seven system clock options:
• Fast RC (FRC) Oscillator
• FRC Oscillator with Phase Locked Loop (PLL)
• Primary (XT, HS or EC) Oscillator
• Primary Oscillator with PLL
• Secondary (LP) Oscillator
• Low-Power RC (LPRC) Oscillator
• FRC Oscillator with postscaler
9.1.1 SYSTEM CLOCK SOURCES
The Fast RC (FRC) internal oscillator runs at a nominal
frequency of 7.37 MHz. User software can tune the
FRC frequency. User software can optionally specify a
factor (ranging from 1:2 to 1:256) by which the FRC
clock frequency is divided. This factor is selected using
the FRCDIV<2:0> (CLKDIV<10:8>) bits.
The primary oscillator can use one of the following as
its clock source:
• Crystal (XT): Crystals and ceramic resonators in
the range of 3 MHz to 10 MHz. The crystal is
connected to the OSC1 and OSC2 pins.
• High-Speed Crystal (HS): Crystals in the range of
10 MHz to 40 MHz. The crystal is connected to
the OSC1 and OSC2 pins.
• External Clock (EC): External clock signal is
directly applied to the OSC1 pin.
The secondary (LP) oscillator is designed for low power
and uses a 32.768 kHz crystal or ceramic resonator.
The LP oscillator uses the SOSCI and SOSCO pins.
The Low-Power RC (LPRC) internal oscIllator runs at a
nominal frequency of 32.768 kHz. It is also used as a
reference clock by the Watchdog Timer (WDT) and
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM).
The clock signals generated by the FRC and primary
oscillators can be optionally applied to an on-chip PLL
to provide a wide range of output frequencies for device
operation. PLL configuration is described in
Section 9.1.4 “PLL Configuration”.
The FRC frequency depends on the FRC accuracy
(see Table 31-19) and the value of the FRC Oscillator
Tuning register (see Register 9-4).
9.1.2 SYSTEM CLOCK SELECTION
The oscillator source used at a device Power-on
Reset event is selected using Configuration bit
settings. The oscillator Configuration bit settings are
located in the Configuration registers in the program
memory. (Refer to Section 28.1 “Configuration
Bits” for further details.) The Initial Oscillator
Selection Configuration bits, FNOSC<2:0>
(FOSCSEL<2:0>), and the Primary Oscillator Mode
Select Configuration bits, POSCMD<1:0>
(FOSC<1:0>), select the oscillator source that is used
at a Power-on Reset. The FRC primary oscillator is
the default (unprogrammed) selection.
The Configuration bits allow users to choose among 12
different clock modes, shown in Table 9-1.
The output of the oscillator (or the output of the PLL
if a PLL mode has been selected) FOSC is divided by
2 to generate the device instruction clock (FCY) and
the peripheral clock time base (FP). FCY defines the
operating speed of the device, and speeds up to 40
MHz are supported by the dsPIC33FJ32MC302/304,
dsPIC33FJ64MCX02/X04
and
dsPIC33FJ128MCX02/X04 architecture.
Instruction execution speed or device operating
frequency, FCY, is given by:
EQUATION 9-1: DEVICE OPERATING
FREQUENCY
FCY = ^F----^O----^S---^C--
2
9.1.3 AUXILIARY OSCILLATOR
The Auxiliary Oscillator (AOSC) can be used for periph-
eral that needs to operate at a frequency unrelated to
the system clock such as DAC.
The Auxiliary Oscillator can use one of the following as
its clock source:
• Crystal (XT): Crystal and ceramic resonators in
the range of 3 Mhz to 10 Mhz. The crystal is con-
nected to the SOCI and SOSCO pins.
• High-Speed Crystal (HS): Crystals in the range of
10 to 40 Hz. The crystal is connected to the
SOSCI and SOSCO pins.
• External Clock (EC): External clock signal up to
64 Mhz. The external clock signal is directly
applied to SOSCI pin.
DS70291E-page 146
© 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.