PIC17C4X Datasheet, PDF (64/240 Pages) Microchip Technology – High-Performance 8-Bit CMOS EPROM/ROM Microcontroller

PIC17C4X
9.5 I/O Programming Considerations
9.5.1 BI-DIRECTIONAL I/O PORTS
Any instruction which writes, operates internally as a
read followed by a write operation. For example, the
BCF and BSF instructions read the register into the
CPU, execute the bit operation, and write the result
back to the register. Caution must be used when these
instructions are applied to a port with both inputs and
outputs defined. For example, a BSF operation on bit5
of PORTB will cause all eight bits of PORTB to be read
into the CPU. Then the BSF operation takes place on
bit5 and PORTB is written to the output latches. If
another bit of PORTB is used as a bi-directional I/O pin
(e.g. bit0) and it is defined as an input at this time, the
input signal present on the pin itself would be read into
the CPU and re-written to the data latch of this particu-
lar pin, overwriting the previous content. As long as the
pin stays in the input mode, no problem occurs. How-
ever, if bit0 is switched into output mode later on, the
content of the data latch may now be unknown.
Reading a port reads the values of the port pins. Writing
to the port register writes the value to the port latch.
When using read-modify-write instructions (BCF, BSF,
BTG, etc.) on a port, the value of the port pins is read,
the desired operation is performed with this value, and
the value is then written to the port latch.
Example 9-5 shows the effect of two sequential
read-modify-write instructions on an I/O port.
EXAMPLE 9-5: READ MODIFY WRITE
INSTRUCTIONS ON AN
I/O PORT
; Initial PORT settings: PORTB<7:4> Inputs
;
PORTB<3:0> Outputs
; PORTB<7:6> have pull-ups and are
; not connected to other circuitry
;
;
PORT latch PORT pins
;
---------- ---------
;
BCF PORTB, 7
01pp pppp 11pp pppp
BCF PORTB, 6
10pp pppp 11pp pppp
;
BCF DDRB, 7
10pp pppp 11pp pppp
BCF DDRB, 6
10pp pppp 10pp pppp
;
; Note that the user may have expected the
; pin values to be 00pp pppp. The 2nd BCF
; caused RB7 to be latched as the pin value
; (High).
Note:
A pin actively outputting a Low or High
should not be driven from external devices
in order to change the level on this pin (i.e.
“wired-or”, “wired-and”). The resulting high
output currents may damage the device.
9.5.2 SUCCESSIVE OPERATIONS ON I/O PORTS
The actual write to an I/O port happens at the end of an
instruction cycle, whereas for reading, the data must be
valid at the beginning of the instruction cycle (Figure 9-
9). Therefore, care must be exercised if a write followed
by a read operation is carried out on the same I/O port.
The sequence of instructions should be such to allow
the pin voltage to stabilize (load dependent) before
executing the instruction that reads the values on that
I/O port. Otherwise, the previous state of that pin may
be read into the CPU rather than the “new” state. When
in doubt, it is better to separate these instructions with
a NOP or another instruction not accessing this I/O port.
FIGURE 9-9: SUCCESSIVE I/O OPERATION
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Instruction
fetched
RB7:RB0
PC
PC + 1
MOVWF PORTB MOVF PORTB,W
write to
PORTB
PC + 2
NOP
PC + 3
NOP
Instruction
executed
Port pin
sampled here
MOVWF PORTB MOVF PORTB,W
write to
PORTB
NOP
Note:
This example shows a write to PORTB
followed by a read from PORTB.
Note that:
data setup time = (0.25 TCY - TPD)
where TCY = instruction cycle.
TPD = propagation delay
Therefore, at higher clock
frequencies, a write followed by a
read may be problematic.
DS30412C-page 64
© 1996 Microchip Technology Inc.