PIC16F627A_05 Datasheet, PDF (61/180 Pages) Microchip Technology – Flash-Based, 8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers with nanoWatt Technology

PIC16F627A/628A/648A
9.3.2 PWM DUTY CYCLE
The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing to the
CCPR1L register and to the CCP1CON<5:4> bits. Up
to 10-bit resolution is available: the CCPR1L contains
the eight MSbs and the CCP1CON<5:4> contains the
two LSbs. This 10-bit value is represented by
CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>. The following equation is
used to calculate the PWM duty cycle in time:
PWM duty cycle =
(CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>) ⋅ Tosc ⋅ TMR2 prescale
value
CCPR1L and CCP1CON<5:4> can be written to at any
time, but the duty cycle value is not latched into
CCPR1H until after a match between PR2 and TMR2
occurs (i.e., the period is complete). In PWM mode,
CCPR1H is a read-only register.
The CCPR1H register and a 2-bit internal latch are
used to double buffer the PWM duty cycle. This double
buffering is essential for glitchless PWM operation.
When the CCPR1H and 2-bit latch match TMR2
concatenated with an internal 2-bit Q clock or 2 bits of
the TMR2 prescaler, the CCP1 pin is cleared.
Maximum PWM resolution (bits) for a given PWM
frequency:
PWM
Resolution
=
-l-o---g----^⎝⎛---F--------^P-------^{W--------M------------×---------T-----F--M------o----R--s----2--c--------P-------r-----e-----s-----c------a------l--e------r---⎠⎞}-
bits
log(2)
Note:
If the PWM duty cycle value is longer than
the PWM period the CCP1 pin will not be
cleared.
For an example PWM period and duty cycle
calculation, see the PICmicro^® Mid-Range Reference
Manual (DS33023).
9.3.3 SET-UP FOR PWM OPERATION
The following steps should be taken when configuring
the CCP module for PWM operation:
1. Set the PWM period by writing to the PR2
register.
2. Set the PWM duty cycle by writing to the
CCPR1L register and CCP1CON<5:4> bits.
3. Make the CCP1 pin an output by clearing the
TRISB<3> bit.
4. Set the TMR2 prescale value and enable Timer2
by writing to T2CON.
TABLE 9-3: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS AT 20 MHz
PWM Frequency
1.22 kHz 4.88 kHz 19.53 kHz 78.12 kHz 156.3 kHz 208.3 kHz
Timer Prescaler (1, 4, 16)
PR2 Value
Maximum Resolution (bits)
16
0xFF
10
4
0xFF
10
1
0xFF
10
1
0x3F
8
1
0x1F
7
1
0x17
6.5
TABLE 9-4: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PWM AND TIMER2
Address Name Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Value on
POR
Value on
all other
Resets
0Bh, 8Bh, INTCON
GIE
PEIE
10Bh, 18Bh
T0IE
INTE
RBIE
T0IF
INTF
RBIF 0000 000x
0Ch
PIR1
EEIF CMIF
RCIF
TXIF
—
CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 -000
8Ch
PIE1
EEIE CMIE
RCIE
TXIE
—
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 -000
86h, 186h TRISB
TRISB7 TRISB6 TRISB5 TRISB4 TRISB3 TRISB2 TRISB1 TRISB0 1111 1111
11h
TMR2
Timer2 Module’s Register
0000 0000
92h
PR2
Timer2 Module’s Period Register
1111 1111
12h
T2CON
— TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000
15h
CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (LSB)
xxxx xxxx
16h
CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (MSB)
xxxx xxxx
17h
CCP1CON —
—
CCP1X CCP1Y CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 --00 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PWM and Timer2.
0000 000u
0000 -000
0000 -000
1111 1111
0000 0000
1111 1111
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
--00 0000
© 2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS40044D-page 59