PIC16F610 Datasheet, PDF (28/180 Pages) Microchip Technology – 14-Pin, Flash-Based 8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers

PIC16F610/616/16HV610/616
3.2 Clock Source Modes
Clock Source modes can be classified as external or
internal.
• External Clock modes rely on external circuitry for
the clock source. Examples are: Oscillator mod-
ules (EC mode), quartz crystal resonators or
ceramic resonators (LP, XT and HS modes) and
Resistor-Capacitor (RC) mode circuits.
• Internal clock sources are contained internally
within the Oscillator module. The Oscillator
module has two selectable clock frequencies:
4 MHz and 8 MHz
The system clock can be selected between external or
internal clock sources via the FOSC<2:0> bits of the
Configuration Word register.
3.3 External Clock Modes
3.3.1 EC MODE
The External Clock (EC) mode allows an externally
generated logic level as the system clock source. When
operating in this mode, an external clock source is
connected to the OSC1 input and the OSC2 is available
for general purpose I/O. Figure 3-2 shows the pin
connections for EC mode.
The Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) is disabled when
EC mode is selected. Therefore, there is no delay in
operation after a Power-on Reset (POR) or wake-up
from Sleep. Because the PIC^® MCU design is fully
static, stopping the external clock input will have the
effect of halting the device while leaving all data intact.
Upon restarting the external clock, the device will
resume operation as if no time had elapsed.
FIGURE 3-2:
EXTERNAL CLOCK (EC)
MODE OPERATION
3.3.2
OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER
(OST)
If the Oscillator module is configured for LP, XT or HS
modes, the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) counts
1024 oscillations from OSC1. This occurs following a
Power-on Reset (POR) and when the Power-up Timer
(PWRT) has expired (if configured), or a wake-up from
Sleep. During this time, the program counter does not
increment and program execution is suspended. The
OST ensures that the oscillator circuit, using a quartz
crystal resonator or ceramic resonator, has started and
is providing a stable system clock to the Oscillator
module. When switching between clock sources, a
delay is required to allow the new clock to stabilize.
These oscillator delays are shown in Table 3-1.
Clock from
Ext. System
I/O
OSC1/CLKIN
PIC^® MCU
OSC2/CLKOUT⁽¹⁾
Note 1: Alternate pin functions are listed in the
Section 1.0 “Device Overview”.
TABLE 3-1:
Switch From
Sleep/POR
Sleep/POR
Sleep/POR
OSCILLATOR DELAY EXAMPLES
Switch To
Frequency
INTOSC
EC, RC
LP, XT, HS
4 MHz to 8 MHz
DC – 20 MHz
32 kHz to 20 MHz
Oscillator Delay
Oscillator Warm-Up Delay (TWARM)
2 Instruction Cycles
1024 Clock Cycles (OST)
DS41288C-page 26
Preliminary
© 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.