XC164CS-16F Datasheet, PDF (24/78 Pages) Infineon Technologies AG – 16-Bit Single-Chip Microcontroller with C166SV2 Core

XC164-16
Derivatives
Functional Description
and rotate instructions are always processed during one machine cycle independent of
the number of bits to be shifted. Also multiplication and most MAC instructions execute
in one single cycle. All multiple-cycle instructions have been optimized so that they can
be executed very fast as well: for example, a division algorithm is performed in 18 to 21
CPU cycles, depending on the data and division type. Four cycles are always visible, the
rest runs in the background. Another pipeline optimization, the branch target prediction,
allows eliminating the execution time of branch instructions if the prediction was correct.
The CPU has a register context consisting of up to three register banks with 16 wordwide
GPRs each at its disposal. The global register bank is physically allocated within the on-
chip DPRAM area. A Context Pointer (CP) register determines the base address of the
active global register bank to be accessed by the CPU at any time. The number of
register banks is only restricted by the available internal RAM space. For easy parameter
passing, a register bank may overlap others.
A system stack of up to 32 Kwords is provided as a storage for temporary data. The
system stack can be allocated to any location within the address space (preferably in the
on-chip RAM area), and it is accessed by the CPU via the stack pointer (SP) register.
Two separate SFRs, STKOV and STKUN, are implicitly compared against the stack
pointer value upon each stack access for the detection of a stack overflow or underflow.
The high performance offered by the hardware implementation of the CPU can efficiently
be utilized by a programmer via the highly efficient XC164 instruction set which includes
the following instruction classes:
• Standard Arithmetic Instructions
• DSP-Oriented Arithmetic Instructions
• Logical Instructions
• Boolean Bit Manipulation Instructions
• Compare and Loop Control Instructions
• Shift and Rotate Instructions
• Prioritize Instruction
• Data Movement Instructions
• System Stack Instructions
• Jump and Call Instructions
• Return Instructions
• System Control Instructions
• Miscellaneous Instructions
The basic instruction length is either 2 or 4 bytes. Possible operand types are bits, bytes
and words. A variety of direct, indirect or immediate addressing modes are provided to
specify the required operands.
Data Sheet
22
V2.2, 2006-03