PIC16F526 Datasheet, PDF (36/122 Pages) Microchip Technology – 14-Pin, 8-Bit Flash Microcontroller

PIC16F526
6.5 I/O Programming Considerations
6.5.1 BIDIRECTIONAL I/O PORTS
Some instructions operate internally as read followed
by write operations. The BCF and BSF instructions, for
example, read the entire port into the CPU, execute the
bit operation and rewrite the result. Caution must be
used when these instructions are applied to a port
where one or more pins are used as input/outputs. For
example, a BSF operation on bit 5 of PORTB will cause
all eight bits of PORTB to be read into the CPU, bit 5 to
be set and the PORTB value to be written to the output
latches. If another bit of PORTB is used as a bidirec-
tional I/O pin (say bit 0) and it is defined as an input at
this time, the input signal present on the pin itself would
be read into the CPU and rewritten to the data latch of
this particular pin, overwriting the previous content. As
long as the pin stays in the Input mode, no problem
occurs. However, if bit 0 is switched into Output mode
later on, the content of the data latch may now be
unknown.
Example 6-1 shows the effect of two sequential
Read-Modify-Write instructions (e.g., BCF, BSF, etc.)
on an I/O port.
A pin actively outputting a high or a low should not be
driven from external devices at the same time in order
to change the level on this pin (“wired OR”, “wired
AND”). The resulting high output currents may damage
the chip.
FIGURE 6-11:
SUCCESSIVE I/O OPERATION
EXAMPLE 6-1:
READ-MODIFY-WRITE
INSTRUCTIONS ON AN
I/O PORT(e.g. DSTEMP)
;Initial PORTB Settings
;PORTB<5:3> Inputs
;PORTB<2:0> Outputs
;
;
PORTB latch PORTB pins
;
---------- ----------
BCF PORTB, 5 ;--01 -ppp --11 pppp
BCF PORTB, 4 ;--10 -ppp --11 pppp
MOVLW 007h;
TRIS PORTB ;--10 -ppp --11 pppp
;
Note 1: The user may have expected the pin values to
be ‘--00 pppp’. The 2nd BCF caused RB5 to
be latched as the pin value (High).
6.5.2
SUCCESSIVE OPERATIONS ON
I/O PORTS
The actual write to an I/O port happens at the end of an
instruction cycle, whereas for reading, the data must be
valid at the beginning of the instruction cycle (Figure 6-11).
Therefore, care must be exercised if a write followed by a
read operation is carried out on the same I/O port. The
sequence of instructions should allow the pin voltage to
stabilize (load dependent) before the next instruction
causes that file to be read into the CPU. Otherwise, the
previous state of that pin may be read into the CPU rather
than the new state. When in doubt, it is better to separate
these instructions with a NOP or another instruction not
accessing this I/O port.
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
PC
Instruction
Fetched
MOVWF PORTB
PC + 1
MOVF PORTB, W
PC + 2
NOP
PC + 3
NOP
RB<5:0>
Instruction
Executed
Port pin
written here
Port pin
sampled here
MOVWF PORTB MOVF PORTB,W
NOP
(Write to PORTB) (Read PORTB)
This example shows a write to PORTB
followed by a read from PORTB.
Data setup time = (0.25 TCY – TPD)
where: TCY = instruction cycle.
TPD = propagation delay
Therefore, at higher clock frequencies, a
write followed by a read may be problematic.
DS41326D-page 36
 2010 Microchip Technology Inc.