PIC24HJ128GP206-I Datasheet, PDF (179/286 Pages) Microchip Technology – High-Performance, 16-Bit Microcontrollers

PIC24HJXXXGPX06/X08/X10
18.6.2 PRESCALER SETTING
There is a programmable prescaler with integral values
ranging from 1 to 64, in addition to a fixed divide-by-2
for clock generation. The time quantum (TQ) is a fixed
unit of time derived from the oscillator period and is
given by Equation 18-1.
Note:
FCAN must not exceed 40 MHz. If
CANCKS = 0, then FCY must not exceed
20 MHz.
EQUATION 18-1: TIME QUANTUM FOR
CLOCK GENERATION
TQ = 2 (BRP<5:0> + 1)/FCAN
18.6.3 PROPAGATION SEGMENT
This part of the bit time is used to compensate physical
delay times within the network. These delay times con-
sist of the signal propagation time on the bus line and
the internal delay time of the nodes. The Prop Seg can
be programmed from 1 TQ to 8 TQ by setting the
PRSEG<2:0> bits (CiCFG2<2:0>).
18.6.4 PHASE SEGMENTS
The phase segments are used to optimally locate the
sampling of the received bit within the transmitted bit
time. The sampling point is between Phase1 Seg and
Phase2 Seg. These segments are lengthened or short-
ened by resynchronization. The end of the Phase1 Seg
determines the sampling point within a bit period. The
segment is programmable from 1 TQ to 8 TQ. Phase2
Seg provides delay to the next transmitted data transi-
tion. The segment is programmable from 1 TQ to 8 TQ,
or it may be defined to be equal to the greater of
Phase1 Seg or the information processing time (2 TQ).
The Phase1 Seg is initialized by setting bits
SEG1PH<2:0> (CiCFG2<5:3>) and Phase2 Seg is
initialized by setting SEG2PH<2:0> (CiCFG2<10:8>).
The following requirement must be fulfilled while setting
the lengths of the phase segments:
Prop Seg + Phase1 Seg ≥ Phase2 Seg
18.6.5 SAMPLE POINT
The sample point is the point of time at which the bus
level is read and interpreted as the value of that respec-
tive bit. The location is at the end of Phase1 Seg. If the
bit timing is slow and contains many TQ, it is possible to
specify multiple sampling of the bus line at the sample
point. The level determined by the CAN bus then corre-
sponds to the result from the majority decision of three
values. The majority samples are taken at the sample
point and twice before with a distance of TQ/2. The
CAN module allows the user to choose between sam-
pling three times at the same point or once at the same
point, by setting or clearing the SAM bit (CiCFG2<6>).
Typically, the sampling of the bit should take place at
about 60-70% through the bit time, depending on the
system parameters.
18.6.6 SYNCHRONIZATION
To compensate for phase shifts between the oscillator
frequencies of the different bus stations, each CAN
controller must be able to synchronize to the relevant
signal edge of the incoming signal. When an edge in
the transmitted data is detected, the logic will compare
the location of the edge to the expected time (Synchro-
nous Segment). The circuit will then adjust the values
of Phase1 Seg and Phase2 Seg. There are two
mechanisms used to synchronize.
18.6.6.1 Hard Synchronization
Hard synchronization is only done whenever there is a
‘recessive’ to ‘dominant’ edge during bus Idle, indicat-
ing the start of a message. After hard synchronization,
the bit time counters are restarted with the Sync Seg.
Hard synchronization forces the edge which has
caused the hard synchronization to lie within the
synchronization segment of the restarted bit time. If a
hard synchronization is done, there will not be a
resynchronization within that bit time.
18.6.6.2 Resynchronization
As a result of resynchronization, Phase1 Seg may be
lengthened or Phase2 Seg may be shortened. The
amount of lengthening or shortening of the phase
buffer segment has an upper boundary known as the
synchronization jump width, and is specified by the
SJW<1:0> bits (CiCFG1<7:6>). The value of the syn-
chronization jump width will be added to Phase1 Seg or
subtracted from Phase2 Seg. The resynchronization
jump width is programmable between 1 TQ and 4 TQ.
The following requirement must be fulfilled while setting
the SJW<1:0> bits:
Phase2 Seg > Synchronization Jump Width
Note:
In the register descriptions that follow, ‘i’ in
the register identifier denotes the specific
ECAN module (ECAN1 or ECAN2).
‘n’ in the register identifier denotes the
buffer, filter or mask number.
‘m’ in the register identifier denotes the
word number within a particular CAN data
field.
© 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS70175F-page 177