FAN5033 Datasheet, PDF (37/39 Pages) Fairchild Semiconductor – 8-Bit Programmable, 2- to 3-Phase, Synchronous Buck Controller

LAYOUT AND COMPONENT PLACEMENT
The following guidelines are recommended for optimal
performance of a switching regulator in a PC system.
General Recommendations
For good results, a PCB with at least four layers is
recommended. This should allow the needed versatility
for control circuitry interconnections with optimal
placement, power planes for ground, input and output
power, and wide interconnection traces in the remainder
of the power delivery current paths. Keep in mind that
each square unit of 1 ounce copper trace has a
resistance of ~0.53mΩ at room temperature.
Whenever high currents must be routed between PCB
layers, vias should be used liberally to create several
parallel current paths so that the resistance and
inductance introduced by these current paths is
minimized and the via current rating is not exceeded.
If critical signal lines (including the output voltage sense
lines of the FAN5033) must cross through power
circuitry, it is best if a signal ground plane can be
interposed between those signal lines and the traces of
the power circuitry. This serves as a shield to minimize
noise injection into the signals at the expense of making
signal ground a bit noisier.
An analog ground plane should be used around and
under the FAN5033 as a reference for the components
associated with the controller. This plane should be tied
to the nearest output decoupling capacitor ground and
should not be tied to any other power circuitry to prevent
power currents from flowing in it.
The components around the FAN5033 should be
located close to the controller with short traces. The
most important traces to keep short and away from
other traces are the FB and CSSUM pins. The output
capacitors should be connected as close as possible to
the load (or connector); for example, a microprocessor
core, that receives the power. If the load is distributed,
the capacitors should also be distributed and be in
proportion to where the load tends to be more dynamic.
Avoid crossing any signal lines over the switching power
path loop, described in the following section.
Power Circuitry Recommendations
The switching power path should be routed on the PCB
to encompass the shortest possible length to minimize
radiated switching noise energy (i.e., EMI) and
conduction losses in the board. Failure to take proper
precautions results in EMI problems for the entire PC
system as well as noise-related operational problems in
the power converter control circuitry. The switching
power path is the loop formed by the current path
through the input capacitors and the power MOSFETs,
including all interconnecting PCB traces and planes.
Using short and wide interconnection traces is
especially critical in this path for two reasons: it
minimizes the inductance in the switching loop, which
can cause high-energy ringing, and it accommodates
the high-current demand with minimal voltage loss.
Whenever a power dissipating component, such as a
power MOSFET, is soldered to a PCB, the liberal use of
vias, both directly on the mounting pad and immediately
surrounding it, is recommended. Two important reasons
for this are improved current rating through the vias and
improved thermal performance from vias extended to
the opposite side of the PCB, where a plane can more
readily transfer the heat to the air. Make a mirror image
of any pad being used to heatsink the MOSFETs on the
opposite side of the PCB to achieve the best thermal
dissipation to the air around the board. To further
improve thermal performance, use the largest possible
pad area.
The output power path should also be routed to
encompass a short distance. The output power path is
formed by the current path through the inductor, the
output capacitors, and the load.
For best EMI containment, a solid power ground plane
should be used as one of the inner layers, extending
fully under all the power components.
Signal Circuitry Recommendations
The output voltage is sensed and regulated between the
FB pin and the FBRTN pin, which connect to the signal
ground at the load. To avoid differential mode noise
pickup in the sensed signal, the loop area should be
small. The FB and FBRTN traces should be routed
adjacent to each other on top of the power ground plane
back to the controller.
The feedback traces from the switch nodes should be
connected as close as possible to the inductor. The
CSREF signal should be connected to the output
voltage at the nearest inductor to the controller.
© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor 2006
FAN5033 Rev. 1.0.0
37 of 39
www.fairchildsemi.com