BQ24725A_17 Datasheet, PDF (19/47 Pages) Texas Instruments – 1-4 Cell Li+ Battery SMBus Charge Controller with N-Channel Power MOSFET Selector and Advanced Circuit Protection

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bq24725A
SLUSAL0A – SEPTEMBER 2011 – REVISED AUGUST 2014
Device Functional Modes (continued)
8.4.8 Charge Timeout
The bq24725A includes a watchdog timer to terminate charging if the charger does not receive a write
ChargeVoltage() or write ChargeCurrent() command within 175s (adjustable via ChargeOption() command). If a
watchdog timeout occurs all register values keep unchanged but charge is suspended. Write ChargeVoltage() or
write ChargeCurrent() commands must be re-sent to reset watchdog timer and resume charging. The watchdog
timer can be disabled, or set to 44s, 88s or 175s via SMBus command (ChargeOption() bit[14:13]). After
watchdog timeout write ChargeOption() bit[14:13] to disable watchdog timer also resume charging.
8.4.9 Converter Operation
The synchronous buck PWM converter uses a fixed frequency voltage mode control scheme and internal type III
compensation network. The LC output filter gives a characteristic resonant frequency
1
¦_o =
2p L_oC_o
(1)
The resonant frequency fo is used to determine the compensation to ensure there is sufficient phase margin and
gain margin for the target bandwidth. The LC output filter should be selected to give a resonant frequency of
10–20 kHz nominal for the best performance. Suggest component value as charge current of 750kHz default
switching frequency is shown in Table 1.
Ceramic capacitors show a dc-bias effect. This effect reduces the effective capacitance when a dc-bias voltage is
applied across a ceramic capacitor, as on the output capacitor of a charger. The effect may lead to a significant
capacitance drop, especially for high output voltages and small capacitor packages. See the manufacturer's data
sheet about the performance with a dc bias voltage applied. It may be necessary to choose a higher voltage
rating or nominal capacitance value in order to get the required value at the operating point.
Table 1. Suggest Component Value as Charge Current of Default 750kHz
Switching Frequency
Charge Current
2A
3A
4A
6A
8A
Output Inductor Lo (µH)
6.8 or 8.2 5.6 or 6.8 3.3 or 4.7
3.3
2.2
Output Capacitor Co (µF)
20
20
20
30
40
Sense Resistor (mΩ)
10
10
10
10
10
The bq24725A has three loops of regulation: input current, charge current and charge voltage. The three loops
are brought together internally at the error amplifier. The maximum voltage of the three loops appears at the
output of the error amplifier EAO. An internal saw-tooth ramp is compared to the internal error control signal EAO
(see Figure 10) to vary the duty-cycle of the converter. The ramp has offset of 200mV in order to allow 0% duty-
cycle.
When the battery charge voltage approaches the input voltage, EAO signal is allowed to exceed the saw-tooth
ramp peak in order to get a 100% duty-cycle. If voltage across BTST and PHASE pins falls below 4.3V, a refresh
cycle starts and low-side n-channel power MOSFET is turned on to recharge the BTST capacitor. It can achieve
duty cycle of up to 99.5%.
8.4.10 Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM)
With sufficient charge current the bq24725A’s inductor current never crosses zero, which is defined as
continuous conduction mode. The controller starts a new cycle with ramp coming up from 200mV. As long as
EAO voltage is above the ramp voltage, the high-side MOSFET (HSFET) stays on. When the ramp voltage
exceeds EAO voltage, HSFET turns off and low-side MOSFET (LSFET) turns on. At the end of the cycle, ramp
gets reset and LSFET turns off, ready for the next cycle. There is always break-before-make logic during
transition to prevent cross-conduction and shoot-through. During the dead time when both MOSFETs are off, the
body-diode of the low-side power MOSFET conducts the inductor current.
During CCM mode, the inductor current is always flowing and creates a fixed two-pole system. Having the
LSFET turn-on keeps the power dissipation low, and allows safely charging at high currents.
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