XR16M2551 Datasheet, PDF (11/51 Pages) Exar Corporation – HIGH PERFORMANCE LOW VOLTAGE DUART WITH 16-BYTE FIFO AND POWERSAVE FEATURE

XR16M2551
REV. 1.0.2
HIGH PERFORMANCE LOW VOLTAGE DUART WITH 16-BYTE FIFO AND POWERSAVE FEATURE
2.8 Crystal Oscillator or External Clock Input
The M2551 includes an on-chip oscillator (XTAL1 and XTAL2) to produce a clock for both UART sections in the
device. The CPU data bus does not require this clock for bus operation. The crystal oscillator provides a
system clock to the Baud Rate Generators (BRG) section found in each of the UART. XTAL1 is the input to the
oscillator or external clock buffer input with XTAL2 pin being the output. For programming details, see
““Section 2.9, Programmable Baud Rate Generator with Fractional Divisor” on page 11.”
FIGURE 4. TYPICAL CRYSTAL CONNECTIONS
XTAL1
C1
22-47pF
XTAL2
R2
500K - 1M
R1
0-120
(Optional)
Y1
1.8432 MHz
to
24 MHz
C2
22-47pF
The on-chip oscillator is designed to use an industry standard microprocessor crystal (parallel resonant,
fundamental frequency with 10-22 pF capacitance load, ESR of 20-120 ohms and 100 ppm frequency
tolerance) connected externally between the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins (see Figure 4). The programmable Baud
Rate Generator is capable of operating with a crystal oscillator frequency of up to 24 MHz. However, with an
external clock input on XTAL1 pin, it can extend its operation up to 64 MHz (16 Mbps serial data rate) at 3.3V
with an 4X sampling rate. For further reading on the oscillator circuit please see the Application Note DAN108
on the EXAR web site at http://www.exar.com.
2.9 Programmable Baud Rate Generator with Fractional Divisor
Each UART has its own Baud Rate Generator (BRG) with a prescaler for the transmitter and receiver. The
prescaler is controlled by a software bit in the MCR register. The MCR register bit-7 sets the prescaler to divide
the input crystal or external clock by 1 or 4. The output of the prescaler clocks to the BRG. The BRG further
divides this clock by a programmable divisor between 1 and (216 - 0.0625) in increments of 0.0625 (1/16) to
obtain a 16X or 8X or 4X sampling clock of the serial data rate. The sampling clock is used by the transmitter
for data bit shifting and receiver for data sampling. The BRG divisor (DLL, DLM and DLD registers) defaults to
the value of ’1’ (DLL = 0x01, DLM = 0x00 and DLD = 0x00) upon reset. Therefore, the BRG must be
programmed during initialization to the operating data rate. The DLL and DLM registers provide the integer part
of the divisor and the DLD register provides the fractional part of the divisior. Only the four lower bits of the DLD
are implemented and they are used to select a value from 0 (for setting 0000) to 0.9375 or 15/16 (for setting
1111). Programming the Baud Rate Generator Registers DLL, DLM and DLD provides the capability for
selecting the operating data rate. Table 6 shows the standard data rates available with a 24MHz crystal or
external clock at 16X clock rate. If the pre-scaler is used (MCR bit-7 = 1), the output data rate will be 4 times
less than that shown in Table 6. At 8X sampling rate, these data rates would double and at 4X sampling rate,
they would quadruple. Also, when using 8X or 4X sampling mode, please note that the bit-time will have a jitter
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