PIC16F684_07 Datasheet, PDF (46/192 Pages) Microchip Technology – 14-Pin, Flash-Based 8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers with nanoWatt Technology

PIC16F684
5.1.3
SOFTWARE PROGRAMMABLE
PRESCALER
A single software programmable prescaler is available
for use with either Timer0 or the Watchdog Timer
(WDT), but not both simultaneously. The prescaler
assignment is controlled by the PSA bit of the OPTION
register. To assign the prescaler to Timer0, the PSA bit
must be cleared to a ‘0’.
There are 8 prescaler options for the Timer0 module
ranging from 1:2 to 1:256. The prescale values are
selectable via the PS<2:0> bits of the OPTION register.
In order to have a 1:1 prescaler value for the Timer0
module, the prescaler must be assigned to the WDT
module.
The prescaler is not readable or writable. When
assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions writing to
the TMR0 register will clear the prescaler.
When the prescaler is assigned to WDT, a CLRWDT
instruction will clear the prescaler along with the WDT.
5.1.3.1
Switching Prescaler Between
Timer0 and WDT Modules
As a result of having the prescaler assigned to either
Timer0 or the WDT, it is possible to generate an
unintended device Reset when switching prescaler
values. When changing the prescaler assignment from
Timer0 to the WDT module, the instruction sequence
shown in Example 5-1 must be executed.
EXAMPLE 5-1:
CHANGING PRESCALER
(TIMER0 → WDT)
BANKSEL
CLRWDT
CLRF
BANKSEL
BSF
CLRWDT
MOVLW
ANDWF
IORLW
MOVWF
TMR0
TMR0
OPTION_REG
OPTION_REG,PSA
b’11111000’
OPTION_REG,W
b’00000101’
OPTION_REG
;
;Clear WDT
;Clear TMR0 and
; prescaler
;
;Select WDT
;
;
;Mask prescaler
; bits
;Set WDT prescaler
; to 1:32
When changing the prescaler assignment from the
WDT to the Timer0 module, the following instruction
sequence must be executed (see Example 5-2).
EXAMPLE 5-2:
CHANGING PRESCALER
(WDT → TIMER0)
CLRWDT
;Clear WDT and
;prescaler
BANKSEL OPTION_REG ;
MOVLW b’11110000’ ;Mask TMR0 select and
ANDWF OPTION_REG,W ; prescaler bits
IORLW b’00000011’ ;Set prescale to 1:16
MOVWF OPTION_REG ;
5.1.4 TIMER0 INTERRUPT
Timer0 will generate an interrupt when the TMR0
register overflows from FFh to 00h. The T0IF interrupt
flag bit of the INTCON register is set every time the
TMR0 register overflows, regardless of whether or not
the Timer0 interrupt is enabled. The T0IF bit must be
cleared in software. The Timer0 interrupt enable is the
T0IE bit of the INTCON register.
Note:
The Timer0 interrupt cannot wake the
processor from Sleep since the timer is
frozen during Sleep.
5.1.5
USING TIMER0 WITH AN
EXTERNAL CLOCK
When Timer0 is in Counter mode, the synchronization
of the T0CKI input and the Timer0 register is accom-
plished by sampling the prescaler output on the Q2 and
Q4 cycles of the internal phase clocks. Therefore, the
high and low periods of the external clock source must
meet the timing requirements as shown in
Section 15.0 “Electrical Specifications”.
DS41202F-page 44
© 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.