ISL6307 Datasheet, PDF (28/34 Pages) Intersil Corporation – 6-Phase PWM Controller with 8 Bit VID Code Capable of Precision RDS(ON) or DCR Differential Current

ISL6307
board; whether through-hole components are permitted; and
the total board space available for power-supply circuitry.
Generally speaking, the most economical solutions are
those in which each phase handles between 15 and 20A. All
surface-mount designs will tend toward the lower end of this
current range. If through-hole MOSFETs and inductors can
be used, higher per-phase currents are possible. In cases
where board space is the limiting constraint, current can be
pushed as high as 40A per phase, but these designs require
heat sinks and forced air to cool the MOSFETs, inductors
and heat-dissipating surfaces.
MOSFETS
The choice of MOSFETs depends on the current each
MOSFET will be required to conduct; the switching
frequency; the capability of the MOSFETs to dissipate heat;
and the availability and nature of heat sinking and air flow.
LOWER MOSFET POWER CALCULATION
The calculation for heat dissipated in the lower MOSFET is
simple, since virtually all of the heat loss in the lower
MOSFET is due to current conducted through the channel
resistance (R_DS(ON)). In Equation 24, I_M is the maximum
continuous output current; I_PP is the peak-to-peak inductor
current (see Equation 1); d is the duty cycle (V_OUT/V_IN); and
L is the per-channel inductance.
P_{LOW, 1}
=
r_DS(ON)



I--_{M---}
N
2
(
1
–
d
)
+
-I-^L---^,---^2P----^P----⁽--1-----^–-----d----⁾
12
(EQ. 24)
An additional term can be added to the lower-MOSFET loss
equation to account for additional loss accrued during the
dead time when inductor current is flowing through the
lower-MOSFET body diode. This term is dependent on the
diode forward voltage at I_M, V_D(ON); the switching
frequency, f_S; and the length of dead times, t_d1 and t_d2, at
the beginning and the end of the lower-MOSFET conduction
interval respectively.
P_{LOW, 2}
=
V_D(ON) f_S


I--_M---
N
+
I--_{P-2---P--}
t_d1
+


-I-^M---
N
–
I--_{P----P--}
2
t_d2
(EQ. 25)
Thus the total maximum power dissipated in each lower
MOSFET is approximated by the summation of P_LOW,1 and
P_LOW,2.
UPPER MOSFET POWER CALCULATION
In addition to R_DS(ON) losses, a large portion of the upper-
MOSFET losses are due to currents conducted across the
input voltage (V_IN) during switching. Since a substantially
higher portion of the upper-MOSFET losses are dependent
on switching frequency, the power calculation is more
complex. Upper MOSFET losses can be divided into
separate components involving the upper-MOSFET
switching times; the lower-MOSFET body-diode reverse-
recovery charge, Q_rr; and the upper MOSFET R_DS(ON)
conduction loss.
When the upper MOSFET turns off, the lower MOSFET does
not conduct any portion of the inductor current until the
voltage at the phase node falls below ground. Once the
lower MOSFET begins conducting, the current in the upper
MOSFET falls to zero as the current in the lower MOSFET
ramps up to assume the full inductor current. In Equation 26,
the required time for this commutation is t₁ and the
approximated associated power loss is P_UP,1.
P _{U P,1}
≈
V_IN


-I-^M---
N
+
I--_{P-2---P--}



t--_1--
2



f_S
(EQ. 26)
At turn on, the upper MOSFET begins to conduct and this
transition occurs over a time t₂. In Equation 27, the
approximate power loss is P_UP,2.
P_{UP, 2}
≈
V_IN


-I-^M---
N
–
I--_{P-2---P--}



t--_2--


2_
f_S
(EQ. 27)
A third component involves the lower MOSFET’s reverse-
recovery charge, Q_rr. Since the inductor current has fully
commutated to the upper MOSFET before the lower-
MOSFET’s body diode can draw all of Q_rr, it is conducted
through the upper MOSFET across VIN. The power
dissipated as a result is P_UP,3 and is approximately
P_UP,3 = V_IN Q_rr f_S
(EQ. 28)
Finally, the resistive part of the upper MOSFET’s is given in
Equation 29 as P_UP,4.
P_UP,4 ≈ r_DS(ON)



-I-^M---
N
2
d
+
-I-^P----^P--²-
12
d
(EQ. 29)
The total power dissipated by the upper MOSFET at full load
can now be approximated as the summation of the results
from Equations 26, 27, 28 and 29. Since the power
equations depend on MOSFET parameters, choosing the
correct MOSFETs can be an iterative process involving
repetitive solutions to the loss equations for different
MOSFETs and different switching frequencies.
Current Sensing Resistor
The resistors connected between these ISEN+ pins and the
respective phase nodes (R_DS(ON) Sensing) or output sides
of the output inductor (DCR sensing) determine the gains in
the load-line regulation loop and the channel-current
balance loop as well as setting the overcurrent trip point.
Select values for these resistors based on the room
temperature R_DS(ON) of the lower MOSFETs, DCR of
inductor or additional resistor; the full-load operating current,
I_FL; and the number of phases, N using Equation 30.
R_ISEN
=
5^----0^----R-×^{---1-X--0----–--6--}
-I-^F----^L-
N
(EQ. 30)
In certain circumstances, it may be necessary to adjust the
value of one or more ISEN resistors. When the components
28
FN9224.0
March 9, 2006