OPA2691 Datasheet, PDF (17/30 Pages) Texas Instruments – Dual Wideband, Current-Feedback OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

swing limit is within 1.2V of either rail. Into a 15Ω load (the
minimum tested load), it is tested to deliver more than
±160mA.
The specifications described above, though familiar in the
industry, consider voltage and current limits separately. In
many applications, it is the voltage x current, or V-I product,
which is more relevant to circuit operation. Refer to the
Output Voltage and Current Limitations plot in the Typical
Characteristics. The X- and Y-axes of this graph show the
zero-voltage output current limit and the zero-current output
voltage limit, respectively. The four quadrants give a more
detailed view of the OPA2691’s output drive capabilities,
noting that the graph is bounded by a Safe Operating Area
of 1W maximum internal power dissipation (in this case for 1
channel only). Superimposing resistor load lines onto the plot
shows that the OPA2691 can drive ±2.5V into 25Ω or ±3.5V
into 50Ω without exceeding the output capabilities or the 1W
dissipation limit. A 100Ω load line (the standard test circuit
load) shows the full ±3.9V output swing capability, as shown
in the Electrical Characteristics.
The minimum specified output voltage and current over
temperature are set by worst-case simulations at the cold
temperature extreme. Only at cold start-up will the output
current and voltage decrease to the numbers shown in the
electrical characteristic tables. As the output transistors de-
liver power, their junction temperatures will increase, de-
creasing their V_BEs (increasing the available output voltage
swing) and increasing their current gains (increasing the
available output current). In steady-state operation, the avail-
able output voltage and current will always be greater than
that shown in the over-temperature specifications since the
output stage junction temperatures will be higher than the
minimum specified operating ambient.
To protect the output stage from accidental shorts to ground
and the power supplies, output short-circuit protection is
included in the OPA2691. The circuit acts to limit the maxi-
mum source or sink current to approximately 250mA.
DRIVING CAPACITIVE LOADS
One of the most demanding and yet very common load
conditions for an op amp is capacitive loading. Often, the
capacitive load is the input of an ADC—including additional
external capacitance which may be recommended to im-
prove the ADC’s linearity. A high-speed, high open-loop gain
amplifier like the OPA2691 can be very susceptible to de-
creased stability and closed-loop response peaking when a
capacitive load is placed directly on the output pin. When the
amplifier’s open-loop output resistance is considered, this
capacitive load introduces an additional pole in the signal
path that can decrease the phase margin. Several external
solutions to this problem have been suggested. When the
primary considerations are frequency response flatness, pulse
response fidelity, and/or distortion, the simplest and most
effective solution is to isolate the capacitive load from the
feedback loop by inserting a series isolation resistor between
the amplifier output and the capacitive load. This does not
eliminate the pole from the loop response, but rather shifts it
and adds a zero at a higher frequency. The additional zero
acts to cancel the phase lag from the capacitive load pole,
thus increasing the phase margin and improving stability.
The Typical Characteristics show the recommended R_S vs
Capacitive Load and the resulting frequency response at the
load. Parasitic capacitive loads greater than 2pF can begin to
degrade the performance of the OPA2691. Long PC board
traces, unmatched cables, and connections to multiple de-
vices can easily cause this value to be exceeded. Always
consider this effect carefully, and add the recommended
series resistor as close as possible to the OPA2691 output
pin (see Board Layout Guidelines).
DISTORTION PERFORMANCE
The OPA2691 provides good distortion performance into a
100Ω load on ±5V supplies. Relative to alternative solutions,
it provides exceptional performance into lighter loads and/or
operating on a single +5V supply. Generally, until the funda-
mental signal reaches very high frequency or power levels,
the 2nd-harmonic will dominate the distortion with a negligible
3rd-harmonic component. Focusing then on the 2nd-har-
monic, increasing the load impedance improves distortion
directly. Remember that the total load includes the feedback
network—in the noninverting configuration (see Figure 1) this
is the sum of R_F + R_G, while in the inverting configuration it is
just R_F. Also, providing an additional supply decoupling ca-
pacitor (0.01µF) between the supply pins (for bipolar opera-
tion) improves the 2nd-order distortion slightly (3dB to 6dB).
In most op amps, increasing the output voltage swing in-
creases harmonic distortion directly. The Typical Character-
istics show the 2nd-harmonic increasing at a little less than
the expected 2x rate while the 3rd-harmonic increases at a
little less than the expected 3x rate. Where the test power
doubles, the difference between it and the 2nd-harmonic
decreases less than the expected 6dB while the difference
between it and the 3rd-harmonic decreases by less than the
expected 12dB. This also shows up in the 2-tone, 3rd-order
intermodulation spurious (IM3) response curves. The 3rd-
order spurious levels are extremely low at low output power
levels. The output stage continues to hold them low even as
the fundamental power reaches very high levels. As the
Typical Characteristics show, the spurious intermodulation
powers do not increase as predicted by a traditional intercept
model. As the fundamental power level increases, the dy-
namic range does not decrease significantly. For two tones
centered at 20MHz, with 10dBm/tone into a matched 50Ω
load (i.e., 2Vp-p for each tone at the load, which requires
8Vp-p for the overall 2-tone envelope at the output pin), the
Typical Characteristics show 48dBc difference between the
test-tone power and the 3rd-order intermodulation spurious
levels. This exceptional performance improves further when
operating at lower frequencies.
NOISE PERFORMANCE
Wideband current-feedback op amps generally have a higher
output noise than comparable voltage-feedback op amps. The
OPA2691 offers an excellent balance between voltage and
OPA2691
17
SBOS224D
www.ti.com