MT-022 Datasheet, PDF (11/12 Pages) Analog Devices – ADC Architectures III: Sigma-Delta ADC Basics

MT-022
REFERENCES
1. Max W. Hauser, "Principles of Oversampling A/D Conversion," Journal Audio Engineering Society, Vol. 39,
No. 1/2, January/February 1991, pp. 3-26. (one of the best tutorials and practical discussions of the sigma-delta
ADC architecture and its history).
2. E. M. Deloraine, S. Van Mierlo, and B. Derjavitch, "Methode et systéme de transmission par impulsions,"
French Patent 932,140, issued August, 1946. Also British Patent 627,262, issued 1949.
3. E. M. Deloraine, S. Van Mierlo, and B. Derjavitch, "Communication System Utilizing Constant Amplitude
Pulses of Opposite Polarities," U.S. Patent 2,629,857, filed October 8, 1947, issued February 24, 1953.
4. F. de Jager, "Delta Modulation: A Method of PCM Transmission Using the One Unit Code," Phillips Research
Reports, Vol. 7, 1952, pp. 542-546. (additional work done on delta modulation during the same time period).
5. H. Van de Weg, "Quantizing Noise of a Single Integration Delta Modulation System with an N-Digit Code,"
Phillips Research Reports, Vol. 8, 1953, pp. 367-385. (additional work done on delta modulation during the
same time period).
6. C. C. Cutler, "Differential Quantization of Communication Signals," U.S. Patent 2,605,361, filed June 29, 1950,
issued July 29, 1952. (recognized as the first patent on differential PCM or delta modulation, although actually
first invented in the Paris labs of the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation by E. M. Deloraine,
S. Mierlo, and B. Derjavitch a few years earlier)
7. C. C. Cutler, "Transmission Systems Employing Quantization," U.S. Patent 2,927,962, filed April 26, 1954,
issued March 8, 1960. (a ground-breaking patent describing oversampling and noise shaping using first and
second-order loops to increase effective resolution. The goal was transmission of oversampled noise shaped
PCM data without decimation, not a Nyquist-type ADC).
8. C. B. Brahm, "Feedback Integrating System," U.S. Patent 3,192,371, filed September 14, 1961, issued June 29,
1965. (describes a second-order multibit oversampling noise shaping ADC).
9. H. Inose, Y. Yasuda, and J. Murakami, "A Telemetering System by Code Modulation: Δ-Σ Modulation," IRE
Transactions on Space Electronics Telemetry, Vol. SET-8, September 1962, pp. 204-209. Reprinted in N. S.
Jayant, Waveform Quantization and Coding, IEEE Press and John Wiley, 1976, ISBN 0-471-01970-4. (an
elaboration on the 1-bit form of Cutler's noise-shaping oversampling concept. This work coined the description
of the architecture as 'delta-sigma modulation').
10. H. Inose and Y. Yasuda, "A Unity Bit Coding Method by Negative Feedback," IEEE Proceedings, Vol. 51,
November 1963, pp. 1524-1535. (further discussions on their 1-bit 'delta-sigma' concept).
11. D. J. Goodman, "The Application of Delta Modulation of Analog-to-PCM Encoding," Bell System Technical
Journal, Vol. 48, February 1969, pp. 321-343. Reprinted in N. S. Jayant, Waveform Quantization and Coding,
IEEE Press and John Wiley, 1976, ISBN 0-471-01970-4. (the first description of using oversampling and noise
shaping techniques followed by digital filtering and decimation to produce a true Nyquist-rate ADC).
12. J. C. Candy, "A Use of Limit Cycle Oscillations to Obtain Robust Analog-to-Digital Converters," IEEE
Transactions on Communications, Vol. COM-22, December 1974, pp. 298-305. (describes a multibit
oversampling noise shaping ADC with output digital filtering and decimation to interpolate between the
quantization levels).
13. R. J. van de Plassche, "A Sigma-Delta Modulator as an A/D Converter," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and
Systems, Vol. CAS-25, July 1978, pp. 510-514.
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