THS4631 Datasheet, PDF (13/34 Pages) Texas Instruments – HIGH-VOLTAGE, HIGH SLEW RATE, WIDEBAND FET-INPUT OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

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SUMMARY OF KEY DECISIONS IN
TRANSIMPEDANCE DESIGN
The following is a simplified process for basic
transimpedance circuit design. This process gives a
start to the design process, though it does ignore
some aspects that may be critical to the circuit.
STEP 1: Determine the capacitance of the source.
STEP 2: Calculate the total source capacitance,
including the amplifier input capacitance, C_I(CM)
and C_I(DIFF).
STEP 3: Determine the magnitude of the possible
current output from the source, including the
minimum signal current anticipated and
maximum signal current anticipated.
STEP 4: Choose a feedback resistor value such that
the input current levels create the desired
output signal voltages, and
ensure that the output voltages can
accommodate the dynamic range of the input
signal.
STEP 5: Calculate the optimum feedback
capacitance using Equation 1.
STEP 6: Calculate the bandwidth given the
resulting component values.
STEP 7: Evaluate the circuit to determine if all design
goals are satisfied.
SELECTION OF FEEDBACK RESISTORS
Feedback resistor selection can have a significant
effect on the performance of the THS4631 in a given
application, especially in configurations with low
closed-loop gain. If the amplifier is configured for
unity gain, the output should be directly connected to
the inverting input. Any resistance between these two
points interacts with the input capacitance of the
amplifier and causes an additional pole in the
frequency response. For nonunity gain configurations,
low resistances are desirable for flat frequency
response. However, care must be taken not to load
the amplifier too heavily with the feedback network if
large output signals are expected. In most cases, a
trade off is made between the frequency response
characteristics and the loading of the amplifier. For a
gain of 2, a 499-Ωfeedback resistor is a suitable
operating point from both perspectives. If resistor
values are chosen too large, the THS4631 is subject
to oscillation problems. For example, an inverting
amplifier configuration with a 5-kΩ gain resistor and a
5-kΩ feedback resistor develops an oscillation due to
the interaction of the large resistors with the input
capacitance. In low gain configurations, avoid
Copyright © 2004–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated
THS4631
SLOS451B – DECEMBER 2004 – REVISED AUGUST 2011
feedback resistors this large or anticipate using an
external compensation scheme to stabilize the circuit.
Using a simple capacitor in parallel with the feedback
resistor makes the amplifier more stable as shown in
the Typical Characteristics graphs.
NOISE ANALYSIS
High slew rate, unity gain stable, voltage-feedback
operational amplifiers usually achieve their slew rate
at the expense of a higher input noise voltage. The
7 nV/√Hz input voltage noise for the THS4631 is,
however, much lower than comparable amplifiers
while achieving high slew rates. The input-referred
voltage noise, and the input-referred current noise
term, combine to give low output noise under a wide
variety of operating conditions. Figure 42 shows the
amplifier noise analysis model with all the noise terms
included. In this model, all noise terms are taken to
be noise voltage or current density terms in either
nV/√Hz or fA/√Hz.
E_NI
+
E_O
R_S
I_BN
_
E_RS
4kTR_S
R_f
E_RF
4kT
R_g
I_BI
4kTR_f
R_g
4kT = 1.6E−20J
at 290K
Figure 42. Noise Analysis Model
The total output noise voltage can be computed as
the square root of all square output noise voltage
contributors. Equation 7 shows the general form for
the output noise voltage using the terms shown in
Figure 42.
Ǹǒ Ǔ E_O +
E_NI2 ) ^ǒI_BNR_S^Ǔ2 ) 4kTR_S NG² ) ^ǒI_BIR_f^Ǔ2 ) 4kTR_fNG
(7)
Dividing this expression by the noise gain [NG = (1+
R_f/R_g)] gives the equivalent input-referred spot noise
voltage at the noninverting input, as shown in
Equation 8:
Ǹ ǒ Ǔ _{EN +}
2
E_NI2 ) ^ǒI_BNR_S^Ǔ2 ) 4kTR_S )
I_BIR_f
NG
)
4kTR
NG
f
(8)
Using high resistor values can dominate the total
equivalent input-referred noise. Using a 3-kΩ
source-resistance (R_S) value adds a voltage noise
term of approximately 7 nV/√Hz. This is equivalent to
the amplifier voltage noise term. Using higher resistor
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