MAX1530_09 Datasheet, PDF (26/33 Pages) Maxim Integrated Products – Multiple-Output Power-Supply Controllers for LCD Monitors

Multiple-Output Power-Supply
Controllers for LCD Monitors
Current-mode control has the effect of splitting the
complex pole pair of the output LC filter into a single
low-frequency pole and a single high-frequency pole.
The low-frequency current-mode pole depends on out-
put capacitor C_OUT and the equivalent load resistance
R_LE, given by the following:
f_POLE(LOW) =
1
2π × R_LE × C_OUT
The high-frequency current-mode pole is given by:
f_POLE(HIGH) =
f_SW
2π × n × D'
The COMP pin, which is the output of the IC’s internal
transconductance error amplifier, is used to stabilize
the control loop. A series resistor (R11) and capacitor
(C10) are connected between COMP and AGND to
form a pole-zero pair. Another pole-zero pair can be
added by connecting a feed-forward capacitor (C23) in
parallel with feedback resistor R1. The compensation
resistor and capacitors are selected to optimize the
loop stability.
The compensation capacitor (C10) creates a dominant
pole at very low frequency (a few hertz). The zero
formed by R11 and C10 cancels the low-frequency cur-
rent-mode pole. The zero formed by R1 and C23 can-
cels the high-frequency current-mode pole and
introduces a preferable higher frequency pole. In appli-
cations where ceramic capacitors are used, the ESR
zero is usually not a concern because the ESR zero
occurs at very high frequency. If the ESR zero does not
occur at a frequency at least one decade above the
crossover, connect a second parallel capacitor (C2)
between COMP and AGND to cancel the ESR zero. The
component values shown in the standard application
circuits (Figure 1 and 2) yield stable operation and fast
transient response over a broad range of input-to-out-
put voltages.
To design a compensation network for other compo-
nents or applications, use the following procedure to
achieve stable operation:
1) Select the crossover frequency f _CROSSOVER
(bandwidth) to be 1/5th the switching frequency
f_SW or less:
f_CROSSOVER ≤
f_SW
5
Unnecessarily high bandwidth can increase noise
sensitivity while providing little benefit. Good tran-
sient response with low amounts of output capaci-
tance is achieved with a crossover frequency
between 20kHz and 100kHz. The series compensa-
tion capacitor (C10) generates a dominant pole that
sets the desired crossover frequency. Determine
C10 using the following expression:
C10 ≈
g_m × A_DC
2π × f_CROSSOVER × A_VEA
where g_m is the error amplifier’s transconductance
(100µS typ).
2) The compensation resistor R11, together with capac-
itor C10, provides a zero that is used to cancel the
low-frequency current-mode pole. Determine R11
using the following expression:
R11≈
1
2π × f_POLE(LOW) × C10
3) Because the error amplifier has limited output cur-
rent (16µA typ), small values of R11 can prevent the
error amplifier from providing an immediate COMP
voltage change required for good transient response
with minimal output capacitance. If the calculated
R11 value is less than 100kΩ, use 100kΩ and recal-
culate C10 using the following formula:
C10 ≈
1
2π × f_POLE(LOW) × 100kΩ
Changing C10 also changes the crossover frequen-
cy; the new crossover frequency is:
f_CROSSOVER =
2π
g_m ×
× C10
A_DC
× A_VEA
The calculated crossover frequency should be less
than 1/5th the switching frequency. There are two
ways to lower the crossover frequency if the calculat-
ed value is greater than 1/5th the switching frequen-
cy: increase the high-side MOSFET R_DS(ON), or
increase the output capacitance. Increasing R_DS(ON)
reduces the DC loop gain, which results in lower
crossover frequency. Increasing output capacitance
reduces the frequency of the lower low-frequency
current-mode pole, which also results in lower
crossover frequency. The following formula gives the
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