W181-01GT Datasheet, PDF (3/9 Pages) Cypress Semiconductor – Peak-Reducing EMI Solution

W181
Because the modulating frequency is typically 1000 times
slower than the fundamental clock, the spread spectrum
process has little impact on system performance.
Frequency Selection With SSFTG
In Spread Spectrum Frequency Timing Generation, EMI
reduction depends on the shape, modulation percentage, and
frequency of the modulating waveform. While the shape and
frequency of the modulating waveform are fixed for a given
frequency, the modulation percentage may be varied.
V_DD
Using frequency select bits (FS1:2 pins), the frequency range
can be set. Spreading percentage is set to be 1.25% or 3.75%
(see Table 1).
A larger spreading percentage improves EMI reduction.
However, large spread percentages may either exceed
system maximum frequency ratings or lower the average
frequency to a point where performance is affected. For these
reasons, spreading percentages between 0.5% and 2.5% are
most common.
Clock Input
Reference Input
Freq.
Divider
Phase
Detector
Charge
Pump
Σ
VCO
Post
Dividers
Q
CLKOUT
(EMI suppressed)
Feedback
Divider
P
Modulating
Waveform
PLL
GND
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram
Spread Spectrum Frequency Timing
Generation
The device generates a clock that is frequency modulated in
order to increase the bandwidth that it occupies. By increasing
the bandwidth of the fundamental and its harmonics, the ampli-
tudes of the radiated electromagnetic emissions are reduced.
This effect is depicted in Figure 2.
As shown in Figure 2, a harmonic of a modulated clock has a
much lower amplitude than that of an unmodulated signal. The
reduction in amplitude is dependent on the harmonic number
and the frequency deviation or spread. The equation for the
reduction is:
dB = 6.5 + 9*log₁₀(P) + 9*log₁₀(F)
where P is the percentage of deviation and F is the frequency
in MHz where the reduction is measured.
The output clock is modulated with a waveform depicted in
Figure 3. This waveform, as discussed in “Spread Spectrum
Clock Generation for the Reduction of Radiated Emissions” by
Bush, Fessler, and Hardin produces the maximum reduction
in the amplitude of radiated electromagnetic emissions.
Figure 3 details the Cypress spreading pattern. Cypress does
offer options with more spread and greater EMI reduction.
Contact your local Sales representative for details on these
devices.
Document #: 38-07152 Rev. *D
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