W161 Datasheet, PDF (3/9 Pages) Cypress Semiconductor – 133-MHz Spread Spectrum FTG for Pentium II Platforms

PRELIMINARY
W161
Spread Spectrum Feature
The device generates a clock that is frequency modulated in
order to increase the bandwidth that it occupies. By increasing
the bandwidth of the fundamental and its harmonics, the am-
plitudes of the radiated electromagnetic emissions are re-
duced. This effect is depicted in Figure 1.
As shown in Figure 1, a harmonic of a modulated clock has a
much lower amplitude than that of an unmodulated signal. The
reduction in amplitude is dependent on the harmonic number
and the frequency deviation or spread. The equation for the
reduction is
dB = 6.5 + 9*log₁₀(P) + 9*log₁₀(F)
Where P is the percentage of deviation and F is the frequency
in MHz where the reduction is measured.
The output clock is modulated with a waveform depicted in
Figure 2. This waveform, as discussed in “Spread Spectrum
Clock Generation for the Reduction of Radiated Emissions” by
Bush, Fessler, and Hardin produces the maximum reduction
in the amplitude of radiated electromagnetic emissions. The
deviation selected for this chip is –0.5% downspread. Figure 2
details the Cypress spreading pattern. Cypress does offer op-
tions with more spread and greater EMI reduction. Contact
your local Sales representative for details on these devices.
EMI Reduction
Spread
Spectrum
Enabled
Non-
Spread
Spectrum
Figure 1. Typical Clock and SSFTG Comparison
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
–20%
–40%
–60%
–80%
–100%
Time
Figure 2. Typical Modulation Profile
3