CAT5172_13 Datasheet, PDF (8/10 Pages) ON Semiconductor – 256‐position SPI Compatible Digital Potentiometer (POT)

CAT5172
BASIC OPERATION
The CAT5172 is a 256-position digitally controlled
potentiometer. When power is first applied the wiper
assumes a mid-scale position and will remain there as long
as CS remians high. Once the power supply is stable the
wiper may be repositioned via the SPI compatible interface.
The rising edge of the CS signal acts as the transfer
command and each time CS transitions from LOW to HIGH
the contents of the input register are loaded into the wiper
register.
In the power-up cycle, the input data register is cleared,
setting all bits to 0 and the wiper register is loaded with 0x80
(128 Decimal) which moves the wiper to its midscale
position. If CS is toggled CAT5172 transfers the contents of
the input data register (0x00) to the wiper register moving
the wiper to the bottom-most position (W = terminal B). This
transfer is independent of whether new data has been input
or not because CS acts as the transfer command.
PROGRAMMING: VARIABLE RESISTOR
Rheostat Mode
The resistance between terminals A and B, R_AB, has a
nominal value of 50 kW or 100 kW and has 256 contact
points accessed by the wiper terminal, plus the B terminal
contact. Data in the 8-bit Wiper register is decoded to select
one of these 256 possible settings.
The wiper’s first connection is at the B terminal,
corresponding to control position 0x00. Ideally this would
present a 0 W between the Wiper and B, but just as with a
mechanical rheostat there is a small amount of contact
resistance to be considered, there is a wiper resistance
comprised of the R_ON of the FET switch connecting the
wiper output with its respective contact point. In CAT5172
this ‘contact’ resistance is typically 50 W. Thus a connection
setting of 0x00 yields a minimum resistance of 50 W
between terminals W and B.
For a 100 kW device, the second connection, or the first tap
point, corresponds to 441 W (R_WB = R_AB/256 + R_W = 390.6
+ 50 W) for data 0x01. The third connection is the next tap
point, is 831 W (2  390.6 + 50 W) for data 0x02, and so on.
Figure 14 shows a simplified equivalent circuit where the
last resistor string will not be accessed; therefore, there is
1 LSB less of the nominal resistance at full scale in addition
to the wiper resistance.
A
R_S
R_S
Wiper
Register
R_S
and
W
Decoder
R_S
B
Figure 14. CAT5172 Equivalent Digital POT Circuit
The equation for determining the digitally programmed
output resistance between W and B is
R_WB
+
D
256
R_AB
)
R_W
(eq. 1)
where D is the decimal equivalent of the binary code loaded
in the 8-bit Wiper register, R_AB is the end-to-end resistance,
and R_W is the wiper resistance contributed by the on
resistance of the internal switch.
In summary, if R_AB = 100 kW and the A terminal is open
circuited, the following output resistance R_WB will be set for
the indicated Wiper register codes:
Table 7. CODES AND CORRESPONDING R_WB
RESISTANCE FOR R_AB = 100 kW, V_DD = 5 V
D (Dec.)
R_WB (W)
Output State
255
99,559
Full Scale (R_AB – 1 LSB + R_W)
128
50,050
Midscale
1
441
1 LSB
0
50
Zero Scale
(Wiper Contact Resistance)
Be aware that in the zero-scale position, the wiper
resistance of 50 W is still present. Current flow between W
and B in this condition should be limited to a maximum
pulsed current of no more than 20 mA. Failure to heed this
restriction can cause degradation or possible destruction of
the internal switch contact.
Similar to the mechanical potentiometer, the resistance of
the digital POT between the wiper W and terminal A also
produces a digitally controlled complementary resistance
R_WA. When these terminals are used, the B terminal can be
opened. Setting the resistance value for R_WA starts at a
maximum value of resistance and decreases as the data
loaded in the latch increases in value. The general equation
for this operation is
R_WA(D)
+
256 *
256
D
R_AB
)
R_W
(eq. 2)
For R_AB = 100 kW and the B terminal open circuited, the
following output resistance R_WA will be set for the indicated
Wiper register codes.
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