MIC23158 Datasheet, PDF (15/20 Pages) Micrel Semiconductor – 3MHz PWM Dual 2A Buck Regulator with HyperLight Load and Power Good

Micrel Inc.
Once in CCM mode, the T_OFF time will not vary.
Therefore, it is important to note that if L is large enough,
the HLL transition level will not be triggered.
That inductor is illustrated in Figure 3:
L _MAX
=
V_OUT − 135ns
2 − 50mA
Eq. 3
Duty Cycle
The typical maximum duty cycle of the MIC23158/9 is
80%.
Efficiency Considerations
Efficiency is defined as the amount of useful output
power, divided by the amount of power supplied.
Efficiency
%
=

V_OUT
V_IN
× I_OUT
× I_IN

× 100
Eq. 4
There are two types of losses in switching converters;
DC losses and switching losses. DC losses are simply
the power dissipation of I²R. Power is dissipated in the
high side switch during the on cycle. Power loss is equal
to the high side MOSFET R_DSON multiplied by the switch
current squared. During the off cycle, the low side N-
channel MOSFET conducts, also dissipating power.
Device operating current also reduces efficiency. The
product of the quiescent (operating) current and the
supply voltage represents another DC loss. The current
required driving the gates on and off at a constant 3MHz
frequency and the switching transitions make up the
switching losses.
Efficiency (V_OUT = 1.8V) vs.
Output Current
100
90
80
70 _{VIN = 2.7V VIN = 3.6V}
VIN = 5V
60
VIN = 4.2V
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
COUT=4.7µF
L=1µH
10
100
1000
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
10000
Figure 4. Efficiency under Load
MIC23158/9
Figure 4 shows an efficiency curve. From 1mA load to
2A, efficiency losses are dominated by quiescent current
losses, gate drive and transition losses. By using the
HyperLight Load mode, the MIC23158/9 is able to
maintain high efficiency at low output currents.
Over 180mA, efficiency loss is dominated by MOSFET
R_DSON and inductor losses. Higher input supply voltages
will increase the gate-to-source threshold on the internal
MOSFETs, thereby reducing the internal R_DSON. This
improves efficiency by reducing DC losses in the device.
All but the inductor losses are inherent to the device. In
which case, inductor selection becomes increasingly
critical in efficiency calculations. As the inductors are
reduced in size, the DC resistance (DCR) can become
quite significant. The DCR losses can be calculated as in
Equation 5:
P_DCR = I_OUT2 x DCR
Eq. 5
From that, the loss in efficiency due to inductor
resistance can be calculated as in Equation 6:
Efficiency
Loss
=

^{1 −}


V_OUT × I_OUT
V_OUT × I_OUT + P_DCR
 ^{× 100}
Eq. 6
Efficiency loss due to DCR is minimal at light loads and
gains significance as the load is increased. Inductor
selection becomes a trade off between efficiency and
size in this case.
HyperLight Load Mode
The MIC23158/9 uses a minimum on and off time
proprietary control loop (patented by Micrel). When the
output voltage falls below the regulation threshold, the
error comparator begins a switching cycle that turns the
PMOS on and keeps it on for the duration of the
minimum-on-time. This increases the output voltage. If
the output voltage is over the regulation threshold, then
the error comparator turns the PMOS off for a minimum-
off-time until the output drops below the threshold. The
NMOS acts as an ideal rectifier that conducts when the
PMOS is off. Using an NMOS switch instead of a diode
allows for lower voltage drop across the switching device
when it is on. The synchronous switching combination
between the PMOS and the NMOS allows the control
loop to work in discontinuous mode for light load
operations. In discontinuous mode, the MIC23158/9
works in HyperLight Load to regulate the output. As the
output current increases, the off time decreases, thus
provides more energy to the output. This switching
scheme improves the efficiency of MIC23158/9 during
light load currents by only switching when it is needed.
November 2012
15
M9999-110812-A