TPS54418_101 Datasheet, PDF (14/36 Pages) Texas Instruments – 2.95 V to 6 V Input, 4 A Output, 2MHz, Synchronous Step Down Switcher With Integrated FETs ( SWIFT™)

TPS54418
SLVS946A – MAY 2009 – REVISED MAY 2010
www.ti.com
CONSTANT SWITCHING FREQUENCY and TIMING RESISTOR (RT/CLK Pin)
The switching frequency of the TPS54418 is adjustable over a wide range from 200 kHz to 2000 kHz by placing
a maximum of 1000kΩ and minimum of 85 kΩ, respectively, on the RT/CLK pin. An internal amplifier holds this
pin at a fixed voltage when using an external resistor to ground to set the switching frequency. The RT/CLK is
typically 0.5 V. To determine the timing resistance for a given switching frequency, use the curve in Figures TBD
and TBD, or Equation 5.
RT (kW)
=
311890
Fsw(kHz)^1.0793
(5)
Fsw(kHz)
=
133870
RT(kW)^0.9393
(6)
To reduce the solution size one would typically set the switching frequency as high as possible, but tradeoffs of
the efficiency, maximum input voltage and minimum controllable on time should be considered.
The minimum controllable on time is typically 60 ns at full current load and 110 ns at no load, and limits the
maximum operating input voltage or output voltage.
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
The TPS54418 implements a cycle by cycle current limit. During each switching cycle the high side switch
current is compared to the voltage on the COMP pin. When the instantaneous switch current intersects the
COMP voltage, the high side switch is turned off. During overcurrent conditions that pull the output voltage low,
the error amplifier responds by driving the COMP pin high, increasing the switch current. The error amplifier
output is clamped internally. This clamp functions as a switch current limit.
FREQUENCY SHIFT
To operate at high switching frequencies and provide protection during overcurrent conditions, the TPS54418
implements a frequency shift. If frequency shift was not implemented, during an overcurrent condition the low
side MOSFET may not be turned off long enough to reduce the current in the inductor, causing a current
runaway. With frequency shift, during an overcurrent condition the switching frequency is reduced from 100%,
then 75%, then 50%, then 25% as the voltage decreases from 0.8 to 0 volts on VSENSE pin to allow the low
side MOSFET to be off long enough to decrease the current in the inductor. During start-up, the switching
frequency increases as the voltage on VSENSE increases from 0 to 0.8 volts. See Figure 7 for details.
REVERSE OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
The TPS54418 implements low side current protection by detecting the voltage across the low side MOSFET.
When the converter sinks current through its low side FET, the control circuit turns off the low side MOSFET if
the reverse current is more than 1.3 A. By implementing this additional protection scheme, the converter is able
to protect itself from excessive current during power cycling and start-up into pre-biased outputs.
SYNCHRONIZE USING THE RT/CLK PIN
The RT/CLK pin is used to synchronize the converter to an external system clock. See Figure 28. To implement
the synchronization feature in a system, connect a square wave to the RT/CLK pin with an on time of at least
75ns. If the pin is pulled above the PLL upper threshold, a mode change occurs and the pin becomes a
synchronization input. The internal amplifier is disabled and the pin is a high impedance clock input to the
internal PLL. If clocking edges stop, the internal amplifier is re-enabled and the mode returns to the frequency set
by the resistor. The square wave amplitude at this pin must transition lower than 0.6 V and higher than 1.6 V
typically. The synchronization frequency range is 300 kHz to 2000 kHz. The rising edge of the PH is
synchronized to the falling edge of RT/CLK pin.
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