NCP1338_14 Datasheet, PDF (12/15 Pages) ON Semiconductor – PWM Current-Mode Controller for Free Running Quasi-Resonant Operation

NCP1338
The input information is the current injected in FB pin by
the feedback loop. The range of current is from 40 mA for
overload detection to 220 mA corresponding to V_CSrippleIN.
In transients, currents from 0 to more than 400 mA may also
appear: the circuitry is able to sustain them.
To regulate the FB pin voltage, the operational amplifier
needs to have a high gain and a wide bandwidth. But the
feedback information used internally needs to be filtered,
because we don’t want the controller to be sensitive to the
switching noise. For this purpose, a 20 kHz filter is added
after the shunt regulator, and any reading of the feedback
signal (for ripple mode, fault detection, or setpoint
elaboration) is done after.
Soft Burst Mode (Protection Mode)
The NCP1338 features a fault timer to detect an overload
completely independently of the V_CC voltage. As soon as
the feedback loop asks for the maximum power, a fault is
detected, and an internal timer is started. When the fault
disappears the timer is reset, but if the timer reaches 80 ms,
the protection mode is activated.
Once this protection is toggled, output pulses are stopped
and DSS is deactivated (HV current source turn−on
threshold changes from VCC_MIN to VCC_LATCH). V_CC
slowly decreases (the current consumption is ICC3), and
the HV current source is switched ON when V_CC reaches
VCC_LATCH. As a result V_CC increases until VCC_ON, but the
controller does not start as the output is still forced low.
V_CC decreases again down to VCC_LATCH, and a new
start−up cycle occurs. On the second attempt, the output is
released, and NCP1338 effectively starts, with the
soft−start activated. Figure 4 illustrates this behavior.
Safety Features
The NCP1338 includes several safety features to help the
power supply designer to build a rugged design:
• OVP (Overvoltage on V_CC): Activated when voltage
on pin V_CC is higher than 18.6 V
• Brown−Out (Undervoltage lockout on bulk voltage):
Activated when voltage on pin BO is below 500 mV
• Disable (Comparator activated by an external signal):
Activated when the voltage on BO pin is higher than
3.0 V but below 5.0 V
• TSD (Temperature shutdown): Typically activated
when the die temperature is above 150°C, released at
120°C
All these events have the same consequence for the
controller: the DRV pulses are stopped, and the fault timer
is reset. When the condition disappears, the controller
restarts with the soft−start activated.
• Permanent Latch (Comparator activated by an external
signal): Activated when the voltage on BO pin is
above 5.0 V
When this comparator is activated, the DRV pulses are
stopped, and the DSS is deactivated (only the start−up
current source is turned on each time V_CC reaches
VCC_LATCH, maintaining V_CC between 5.0 V and 12 V):
the controller stays in this position until the V_CC voltage is
decreased below 4.0 V, i.e., when the power supply is
unplugged from the mains (in normal operation, as soon as
a voltage is present on the HV pin, V_CC is always kept
above 5.0 V).
Soft−Skip Mode
The NCP1338 implements a Soft−Skip mode with a large
hysteresis on the skip comparator in order to ensure a
noise−free and high−efficiency operation in low−load
conditions (standby). When internal setpoint is reaching
V_CSrippleIN = 100 mV (corresponding to 20% of the
maximum setpoint), the output pulses are stopped. Then
FB loop asks for more power and internal setpoint is
increasing: when it reaches V_CSrippleOUT = 130 mV
(corresponding to 25% of the maximum setpoint), the
output starts switching again. Soft−Skip is activated in each
activity following a stop period. See Figure 5 for detailed
timing diagram.
HV Current Source
NCP1338 features a DSS, to allow operation without any
auxiliary voltage. But to protect the die in case of
short−circuit on V_CC pin, the current delivered by the HV
current source is lowered when V_CC voltage is below 1.5 V.
In the case the current consumed on the DRV pin is
higher than the DSS capability (high Qg MOSFET or
failure), the HV current source is switched ON when V_CC
reaches VCC_MIN, but the voltage on V_CC pin keep on
decreasing. If there is no UVLO threshold to stop the DRV
pulses, the gate voltage will become too low and the risk is
high to destroy the MOSFET. NCP1338 features an
additional comparator, which threshold is 9.0 V: when V_CC
reaches this level whereas the HV current source is ON,
DRV pulses are stopped and the protection mode is
activated.
Brown−Out
The brown−out protection comparator has a fixed
reference of 500 mV. When the comparator is activated
(i.e., when the input voltage V_IN is above the starting level),
a 10 mA internal current source is activated and creates an
offset across the bottom resistor of the external resistor
divider. It gives the minimum hysteresis of the brown−out
protection. By adding a series resistor between the divider
and the BO pin, it is possible to adjust (increase) the
hysteresis.
The BO pin also features two additional comparators: the
first one (that toggles at 3.0 V) stops the DRV pulses,
whereas the second one (that toggles at 5.0 V) permanently
latches off the controller (the V_CC should be forced below
4.0 V to release the latch).
When the BO or Enable comparator toggles, the fault
timer is reset, preventing the controller from going into
protection mode if the condition lasts longer than Tfault.
Figure 8 gives the internal implementation of the BO pin.
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