NCP2890 Datasheet, PDF (11/16 Pages) ON Semiconductor – 1.0 Watt Audio Power Amplifier

NCP2890
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Detailed Description
The NCP2890 audio amplifier can operate under 2.6 V
until 5.5 V power supply. It delivers 320 mW rms output
power to 4.0 W load (V_p = 2.6 V) and 1.0 W rms output
power to 8.0 W load (V_p = 5.0 V).
The structure of the NCP2890 is basically composed of
two identical internal power amplifiers; the first one is
externally configurable with gain−setting resistors R_in and
R_f (the closed−loop gain is fixed by the ratios of these
resistors) and the second is internally fixed in an inverting
unity−gain configuration by two resistors of 20 kW. So the
load is driven differentially through OUTA and OUTB
outputs. This configuration eliminates the need for an
output coupling capacitor.
Internal Power Amplifier
The output PMOS and NMOS transistors of the amplifier
were designed to deliver the output power of the
specifications without clipping. The channel resistance
(R_on) of the NMOS and PMOS transistors does not exceed
0.6 W when they drive current.
The structure of the internal power amplifier is
composed of three symmetrical gain stages, first and
medium gain stages are transconductance gain stages to
obtain maximum bandwidth and DC gain.
Turn−On and Turn−Off Transitions
A cycle with a turn−on and turn−off transition is
illustrated with plots that show both single ended signals on
the previous page.
In order to eliminate “pop and click” noises during
transitions, output power in the load must be slowly
established or cut. When logic high is applied to the
shutdown pin, the bypass voltage begins to rise
exponentially and once the output DC level is around the
common mode voltage, the gain is established slowly
(50 ms). This way to turn−on the device is optimized in
terms of rejection of “pop and click” noises.
The device has the same behavior when it is turned−off
by a logic low on the shutdown pin. During the shutdown
mode, amplifier outputs are connected to the ground.
A theoretical value of turn−on and off times at 25°C is
given by the following formula.
C_by: bypass capacitor
R: internal 300 k resistor with a 25% accuracy
T_on = 0.95 * R * C_by
T_off = R * C_by * Ln(V_p/1.4)
Shutdown Function
The device enters shutdown mode when shutdown signal
is low. During the shutdown mode, the DC quiescent
current of the circuit does not exceed 100 nA.
Current Limit Circuit
The maximum output power of the circuit (Porms =
1.0 W, V_p = 5.0 V, R_L = 8.0 W) requires a peak current in
the load of 500 mA.
In order to limit the excessive power dissipation in the
load when a short−circuit occurs, the current limit in the
load is fixed to 800 mA. The current in the four output MOS
transistors are real−time controlled, and when one current
exceeds 800 mA, the gate voltage of the MOS transistor is
clipped and no more current can be delivered.
Thermal Overload Protection
Internal amplifiers are switched off when the
temperature exceeds 160°C, and will be switched on again
only when the temperature decreases fewer than 140°C.
The NCP2890 is unity−gain stable and requires no
external components besides gain−setting resistors, an
input coupling capacitor and a proper bypassing capacitor
in the typical application.
The first amplifier is externally configurable (R_f and
R_in), while the second is fixed in an inverting unity gain
configuration.
The differential−ended amplifier presents two major
advantages:
− The possible output power is four times larger (the
output swing is doubled) as compared to a single−ended
amplifier under the same conditions.
− Output pins (OUTA and OUTB) are biased at the same
potential V_p/2, this eliminates the need for an output
coupling capacitor required with a single−ended
amplifier configuration.
The differential closed loop−gain of the amplifier is
given
by
Avd
+
2
*
Rf
Rin
+
Vorms
Vinrms
.
Output power delivered to the load is given by
Porms
+
(Vopeak)2
2 * RL
(Vopeak
is
the
peak
differential
output voltage).
When choosing gain configuration to obtain the desired
output power, check that the amplifier is not current limited
or clipped.
The maximum current which can be delivered to the load
is
500
mA
Iopeak
+
Vopeak
RL
.
Gain−Setting Resistor Selection (R_in and R_f)
R_in and R_f set the closed−loop gain of the amplifier.
In order to optimize device and system performance, the
NCP2890 should be used in low gain configurations.
The low gain configuration minimizes THD + noise
values and maximizes the signal to noise ratio, and the
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