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TL494 Datasheet, PDF (5/12 Pages) Motorola, Inc – SWITCHMODE PULSE WIDTH MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUIT | |||
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TL494
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Description
The TL494 is a fixedâfrequency pulse width modulation
control circuit, incorporating the primary building blocks
required for the control of a switching power supply. (See
Figure 1.) An internalâlinear sawtooth oscillator is frequencyâ
programmable by two external components, RT and CT. The
approximate oscillator frequency is determined by:
fosc â
1.1
RT ⢠CT
For more information refer to Figure 3.
Output pulse width modulation is accomplished by
comparison of the positive sawtooth waveform across
capacitor CT to either of two control signals. The NOR gates,
which drive output transistors Q1 and Q2, are enabled only
when the flipâflop clockâinput line is in its low state. This
happens only during that portion of time when the sawtooth
voltage is greater than the control signals. Therefore, an
increase in controlâsignal amplitude causes a corresponding
linear decrease of output pulse width. (Refer to the Timing
Diagram shown in Figure 2.)
The control signals are external inputs that can be fed into
the deadtime control, the error amplifier inputs, or the
feedback input. The deadtime control comparator has an
effective 120 mV input offset which limits the minimum output
deadtime to approximately the first 4% of the sawtoothâcycle
time. This would result in a maximum duty cycle on a given
output of 96% with the output control grounded, and 48% with
it connected to the reference line. Additional deadtime may
be imposed on the output by setting the deadtimeâcontrol
input to a fixed voltage, ranging between 0 V to 3.3 V.
may be used to sense powerâsupply output voltage and
current. The errorâamplifier outputs are active high and are
ORed together at the noninverting input of the pulseâwidth
modulator comparator. With this configuration, the amplifier
that demands minimum output on time, dominates control of
the loop.
When capacitor CT is discharged, a positive pulse is
generated on the output of the deadtime comparator, which
clocks the pulseâsteering flipâflop and inhibits the output
transistors, Q1 and Q2. With the outputâcontrol connected to
the reference line, the pulseâsteering flipâflop directs the
modulated pulses to each of the two output transistors
alternately for pushâpull operation. The output frequency is
equal to half that of the oscillator. Output drive can also be
taken from Q1 or Q2, when singleâended operation with a
maximum onâtime of less than 50% is required. This is
desirable when the output transformer has a ringback
winding with a catch diode used for snubbing. When higher
outputâdrive currents are required for singleâended
operation, Q1 and Q2 may be connected in parallel, and the
outputâmode pin must be tied to ground to disable the
flipâflop. The output frequency will now be equal to that of the
oscillator.
The TL494 has an internal 5.0 V reference capable of
sourcing up to 10 mA of load current for external bias circuits.
The reference has an internal accuracy of ±5.0% with a
typical thermal drift of less than 50 mV over an operating
temperature range of 0° to 70°C.
Figure 3. Oscillator Frequency versus
Timing Resistance
500 k
Functional Table
Input/Output
Controls
Output Function
fout
fosc
=
100 k
Grounded Singleâended PWM @ Q1 and Q2
1.0
@ Vref Pushâpull Operation
0.5
10 k
CT = 0.001 µF
VCC = 15 V
0.01 µF
The pulse width modulator comparator provides a means
for the error amplifiers to adjust the output pulse width from
the maximum percent onâtime, established by the deadtime
control input, down to zero, as the voltage at the feedback pin
varies from 0.5 V to 3.5 V. Both error amplifiers have a
common mode input range from â0.3 V to (VCC â 2V), and
0.1 µF
1.0 k
500
1.0 k 2.0 k 5.0 k 10 k 20 k 50 k 100 k 200 k
RT, TIMING RESISTANCE (â¦)
500 k 1.0 M
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
5
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