MIC23150_0910 Datasheet, PDF (12/15 Pages) Micrel Semiconductor – 4MHz PWM 2A Buck Regulator with HyperLight Load

Micrel Inc.
Efficiency
V = 1.8V
100
OUT
V = 2.7V
IN
V_IN = 3.0V
V_IN = 3.6V
90
80
70
60
50
400.1
V = 4.2V
IN
V = 5.0V
IN
V = 5.5V
IN
L = 1.0µH
C = 4.7µF
OUT
1 10 100 1000 10000
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
Figure 2. Efficiency Under Load
The figure above shows an efficiency curve. From no
load to 100mA, efficiency losses are dominated by
quiescent current losses, gate drive and transition
losses. By using the HyperLight Load™ mode, the
MIC23150 is able to maintain high efficiency at low
output currents.
Over 100mA, efficiency loss is dominated by MOSFET
R_DSON and inductor losses. Higher input supply voltages
will increase the Gate-to-Source threshold on the
internal MOSFETs, thereby reducing the internal R_DSON.
This improves efficiency by reducing DC losses in the
device. All but the inductor losses are inherent to the
device. In which case, inductor selection becomes
increasingly critical in efficiency calculations. As the
inductors are reduced in size, the DC resistance (DCR)
can become quite significant. The DCR losses can be
calculated as follows:
P_DCR = I_OUT2 x DCR
From that, the loss in efficiency due to inductor
resistance can be calculated as follows:
Efficiency
Loss
=
⎡
⎢¹
⎢⎣
−
⎜⎜⎝⎛
V_OUT × I_OUT
V_OUT × I_OUT + P_DCR
⎟⎟⎠⎞⎥⎥⎦⎤
×100
Efficiency loss due to DCR is minimal at light loads and
gains significance as the load is increased. Inductor
selection becomes a trade-off between efficiency and
size in this case.
HyperLight Load™ Mode
MIC23150 uses a minimum on and off time proprietary
control loop (patented by Micrel). When the output
voltage falls below the regulation threshold, the error
comparator begins a switching cycle that turns the
PMOS on and keeps it on for the duration of the
minimum-on-time. This increases the output voltage. If
the output voltage is over the regulation threshold, then
MIC23150
the error comparator turns the PMOS off for a minimum-
off-time until the output drops below the threshold. The
NMOS acts as an ideal rectifier that conducts when the
PMOS is off. Using a NMOS switch instead of a diode
allows for lower voltage drop across the switching device
when it is on. The asynchronous switching combination
between the PMOS and the NMOS allows the control
loop to work in discontinuous mode for light load
operations. In discontinuous mode, the MIC23150 works
in pulse frequency modulation (PFM) to regulate the
output. As the output current increases, the off-time
decreases, thus provides more energy to the output.
This switching scheme improves the efficiency of
MIC23150 during light load currents by only switching
when it is needed. As the load current increases, the
MIC23150 goes into continuous conduction mode (CCM)
and switches at a frequency centered at 4MHz. The
equation to calculate the load when the MIC23150 goes
into continuous conduction mode may be approximated
by the following formula:
I _LOAD
>
⎜⎜⎝⎛ ^(VIN
− V_OUT
2L × f
) × D _{⎟⎟⎠⎞}
As shown in the previous equation, the load at which
MIC23150 transitions from HyperLight Load™ mode to
PWM mode is a function of the input voltage (V_IN), output
voltage (V_OUT), duty cycle (D), inductance (L) and
frequency (f). As shown in Figure 3, as the Output
Current increases, the switching frequency also
increases until the MIC23150 goes from HyperLight
Load^TM mode to PWM mode at approximately 120mA.
The MIC23150 will switch at a relatively constant
frequency around 4MHz once the output current is over
120mA.
SW Frequency
vs Output Current
10
V = 3.0V
IN
1
V = 3.6V
IN
V = 4.2V
IN
0.1
0.01
0.0011
L = 4.7µH
V = 1.8V
OUT
C = 4.7µF
OUT
10 100 1000 10000
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
Figure 3. SW Frequency vs. Output Current
October 2009
12
M9999-102309-B