LTC1628 Datasheet, PDF (20/32 Pages) Linear Technology – High Efficiency, 2-Phase Synchronous Step-Down Switching Regulators

LTC1628/LTC1628-PG
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Fault Conditions: Overcurrent Latchoff
The RUN/SS pins also provide the ability to latch off the
controller(s) when an overcurrent condition is detected.
The RUN/SS capacitor, C_SS, is used initially to turn on and
limit the inrush current. After the controller has been
started and been given adequate time to charge up the
output capacitor and provide full load current, the RUN/SS
capacitor is used for a short-circuit timer. If the regulator’s
output voltage falls to less than 70% of its nominal value
after C_SS reaches 4.1V, C_SS begins discharging on the
assumption that the output is in an overcurrent condition.
If the condition lasts for a long enough period as deter-
mined by the size of the C_SS and the specified discharge
current, the controller will be shut down until the RUN/SS
pin voltage is recycled. If the overload occurs during start-
up, the time can be approximated by:
t_LO1 ≈ [C_SS(4.1 – 1.5 + 4.1 – 3.5)]/(1.2µA)
= 2.7 • 10⁶ (C_SS)
If the overload occurs after start-up the voltage on C_SS will
begin discharging from the zener clamp voltage:
t_LO2 ≈ [C_SS (6 – 3.5)]/(1.2µA) = 2.1 • 10⁶ (C_SS)
The FLTCPL pin (LTC1628 only) determines whether an
overload on one channel will latch off only that channel
(FLTCPL = 0V) or both channels (FLTCPL = INTV_CC). This
built-in overcurrent latchoff can be overridden by provid-
ing a pull-up resistor to the RUN/SS pin as shown in
Figure 7. This resistance shortens the soft-start period
and prevents the discharge of the RUN/SS capacitor
during an over current condition. Tying this pull-up resis-
tor to V_IN as in Figure 7a, defeats overcurrent latchoff.
Diode-connecting this pull-up resistor to INTV_CC , as in
Figure 7b, eliminates any extra supply current during
controller shutdown while eliminating the INTV_CC loading
from preventing controller start-up.
Why should you defeat overcurrent latchoff? During the
prototyping stage of a design, there may be a problem
with noise pickup or poor layout causing the protection
circuit to latch off. Defeating this feature will easily allow
troubleshooting of the circuit and PC layout. The internal
short-circuit and foldback current limiting still remains
active, thereby protecting the power supply system from
failure. After the design is complete, a decision can be
made whether to enable the latchoff feature.
The value of the soft-start capacitor C_SS may need to be
scaled with output voltage, output capacitance and load
current characteristics. The minimum soft-start capaci-
tance is given by:
C_SS > (C_OUT )(V_OUT) (10 ^{– 4}) (R_SENSE)
The minimum recommended soft-start capacitor of
C_SS = 0.1µF will be sufficient for most applications.
Fault Conditions: Current Limit and Current Foldback
The LTC1628 current comparator has a maximum sense
voltage of 75mV resulting in a maximum MOSFET current
of 75mV/R_SENSE. The maximum value of current limit
generally occurs with the largest V_IN at the highest ambi-
ent temperature, conditions that cause the highest power
dissipation in the top MOSFET.
The LTC1628 includes current foldback to help further
limit load current when the output is shorted to ground.
The foldback circuit is active even when the overload
shutdown latch described above is overridden. If the
output falls below 70% of its nominal output level, then the
maximum sense voltage is progressively lowered from
75mV to 25mV. Under short-circuit conditions with very
low duty cycles, the LTC1628 will begin cycle skipping in
order to limit the short-circuit current. In this situation the
bottom MOSFET will be dissipating most of the power but
less than in normal operation. The short-circuit ripple
current is determined by the minimum on-time t_ON(MIN) of
the LTC1628 (less than 200ns), the input voltage and
inductor value:
∆I_L(SC) = t_ON(MIN) (V_IN/L)
The resulting short-circuit current is:
I_SC
=
25mV
R_SENSE
+
1
2
∆I_L(SC)
20