LTC3829 Datasheet, PDF (15/40 Pages) Linear Technology – 3-Phase, Single Output Synchronous Step-Down DC/DC Controller with Diffamp

LTC3829
Applications Information
The Typical Application on the first page of this data sheet
is a basic LTC3829 application circuit. The LTC3829 can be
configured to use either DCR (inductor resistance) sens-
ing or low value resistor sensing. The choice between the
two current sensing schemes is largely a design trade-off
between cost, power consumption and accuracy. DCR
sensing is becoming popular because it saves expensive
current sensing resistors and is more power efficient,
especially in high current applications. However, current
sensing resistors provide the most accurate current limits
for the controller. Other external component selection is
driven by the load requirement, and begins with the se-
lection of R_SENSE (if R_SENSE is used) and inductor value.
Next, the power MOSFETs are selected. Finally, input and
output capacitors are selected.
Current Limit Programming
The I_LIM pin is a tri-level logic input which sets the maxi-
mum current limit of the controller. When I_LIM is either
grounded, floated or tied to INTV_CC, the typical value for
the maximum current sense threshold will be 30mV, 50mV
or 75mV, respectively.
Which setting should be used? For the best current limit
accuracy, use the 75mV setting. The 30mV setting will allow
for the use of very low DCR inductors or sense resistors,
but at the expense of current limit accuracy. The 50mV
setting is a good balance between the two.
SENSE⁺ and SENSE^– Pins
The SENSE⁺ and SENSE^– pins are the inputs to the current
comparators. The common mode input voltage range of
the current comparators is 0V to 5V. All SENSE⁺ pins are
high impedance inputs with small currents of less than
1µA. The high impedance inputs to the current compara-
tors allow accurate DCR sensing. All SENSE^– pins and
DIFFP should be connected to V_OUT directly when DCR
sensing is used. Care must be taken not to float these
pins during normal operation. Filter components mutual
to the sense lines should be placed close to the LTC3829,
and the sense lines should run close together to a Kelvin
connection underneath the current sense element (shown
in Figure 1). Sensing current elsewhere can effectively add
parasitic inductance and capacitance to the current sense
element, degrading the information at the sense terminals
and making the programmed current limit unpredictable.
If DCR sensing is used (Figure 2b), sense resistor R1
should be placed close to the switching node, to prevent
noise from coupling into sensitive small-signal nodes. The
capacitor C1 should be placed close to the IC pins.
TO SENSE FILTER,
NEXT TO THE CONTROLLER
R_SENSE
C_OUT
3829 F01
Figure 1. Sense Lines Placement with Sense Resistor
Low Value Resistors Current Sensing
A typical sensing circuit using a discrete resistor is shown
in Figure 2a. R_SENSE is chosen based on the required
output current. The current comparator has a maximum
threshold V_SENSE(MAX) determined by the I_LIM setting. The
input common mode range of the current comparator is
0V to 5V. The current comparator threshold sets the peak
of the inductor current, yielding a maximum average
output current I_MAX equal to the peak value less half the
peak-to-peak ripple current, ∆I_L. To calculate the sense
resistor value, use the equation:
R_SENSE
=
V_SENSE(MAX)
I_MAX
+
∆I_L
2
Because of possible PCB noise in the current sensing loop,
the AC current sensing ripple of ∆V_SENSE = ∆I_L • R_SENSE
also needs to be checked in the design to get a good
signal-to-noise ratio. In general, for a reasonably good
PCB layout, a 10mV ∆V_SENSE voltage is recommended as
a conservative number to start with, either for R_SENSE or
DCR sensing applications. For previous generation current
mode controllers, the maximum sense voltage was high
enough (e.g., 75mV for the LTC1628/LTC3728 family)
that the voltage drop across the parasitic inductance of
the sense resistor represented a relatively small error. For
today’s highest current density solutions, however, the
value of the sense resistor can be less than 1mΩ and the
3829f
15