LT3995 Datasheet, PDF (14/24 Pages) Linear Technology – 60V, 3A, 2MHz Step-Down Switching Regulator with 2.7μA Quiescent Current

LT3995
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
To keep the boost capacitor charged regardless of load
during dropout conditions, a minimum dropout voltage
is enforced. When the OUT pin is tied to the output, the
LT3995 regulates the output such that:
V_IN – V_OUT > V_DROPOUT(MIN)
where V_DROPOUT(MIN) is 500mV. The 500mV dropout volt-
age limits the duty cycle and forces the switch to turn off
regularly to charge the boost capacitor. Since sufficient
voltage across the boost capacitor is maintained, the switch
is allowed to fully saturate and the internal switch drop
stays low for good dropout performance. Figure 3 shows
the overall V_IN to V_OUT performances during start-up and
dropout conditions.
V_IN
2V/DIV
V_OUT
2V/DIV
V_IN
V_OUT
100ms/DIV
3995 F03
Figure 3. V_IN to V_OUT Performance
It is important to note that the 500mV dropout voltage
specified is the minimum difference between V_IN and
V_OUT. When measuring V_IN to V_OUT with a multimeter,
the measured value will be higher than 500mV because
you have to add half the ripple voltage on the input and
half the ripple voltage on the output. With the normal
ceramic capacitors specified in the data sheet, this mea-
sured dropout voltage can be as high as 650mV at high
load. If some bulk electrolytic capacitance is added to the
input and output the voltage ripple, and subsequently the
measured dropout voltage, can be significantly reduced.
Additionally, when operating in dropout at high currents,
high ripple voltage on the input and output can generate
audible noise. This noise can also be significantly reduced
by adding bulk capacitance to the input and output to
reduce the voltage ripple.
Inductor Selection and Maximum Output Current
For a given input and output voltage, the inductor value
and switching frequency will determine the ripple current.
The ripple current increases with higher V_IN or V_OUT and
decreases with higher inductance and faster switching
frequency. A good first choice for the inductor value is:
L = ^{VOUT + VD}
1.5 • f_SW
where f_SW is the switching frequency in MHz, V_OUT is the
output voltage, V_D is the catch diode drop (~0.5V) and L
is the inductor value is μH.
The inductor’s RMS current rating must be greater than
the maximum load current and its saturation current
should be about 30% higher. For robust operation in fault
conditions (start-up or short circuit) and high input volt-
age (>30V), the saturation current should be above 9A.
To keep the efficiency high, the series resistance (DCR)
should be less than 0.1Ω, and the core material should
be intended for high frequency applications. Table 2 lists
several inductor vendors.
Table 2. Inductor Vendors
VENDOR
Coilcraft
Sumida
Toko
Würth Elektronik
Coiltronics
Murata
URL
www.coilcraft.com
www.sumida.com
www.tokoam.com
www.we-online.com
www.cooperet.com
www.murata.com
The inductor value must be sufficient to supply the desired
maximum output current (I_OUT(MAX)), which is a function
of the switch current limit (I_LIM) and the ripple current.
I_{OUT(MAX )}
=
I_LIM
–
∆I_L
2
The LT3995 limits its peak switch current in order to protect
itself and the system from overload faults. The LT3995’s
switch current limit (I_LIM) is typically 6.3A at low duty
cycles and decreases linearly to 5.25A at DC = 0.8.
3995f
14
For more information www.linear.com/LT3995