LTC3522_15 Datasheet, PDF (11/20 Pages) Linear Technology – Synchronous 400mA Buck-Boost and 200mA Buck Converters

LTC3522
OPERATION
LTC3522
V_OUT1
V_OUT
1V
R2
FB1
R1
GND
3522 F02
Figure 2. Buck-Boost Error Amplifier and Compensation
response of the compensation network. The ratio of R2 to
R1 must be set to program the desired output voltage but
this still allows the value of R2 to be adjusted to optimize
the transient response of the converter. Increasing the value
of R2 generally leads to greater stability at the expense of
reduced transient response speed. Increasing the value of
R2 can yield substantial transient response improvement in
cases where the phase margin has been reduced due to the
use of a small value output capacitor or a large inductance
(particularly with large boost step-up ratios). Conversely,
decreasing the value of R2 increases the loop bandwidth
which can improve the speed of the converter’s transient
response. This can be useful in improving the transient
response if a large valued output capacitor is utilized. In
this case, the increased bandwidth created by decreasing
R2 is used to counteract the reduced converter bandwidth
caused by the large output capacitor.
Current Limit Operation
The buck-boost converter has two current limit circuits.
The primary current limit is an average current limit circuit
which injects an amount of current into the feedback node
which is proportional to the extent that the switch A cur-
rent exceeds the current limit value. Due to the high gain
of this loop, the injected current forces the error amplifier
output to decrease until the average current through switch
A decreases approximately to the current limit value. The
average current limit utilizes the error amplifier in an ac-
tive state and thereby provides a smooth recovery with
little overshoot once the current limit fault condition is
removed. Since the current limit is based on the average
current through switch A, the peak inductor current in
current limit will have a dependency on the duty cycle
(i.e., on the input and output voltages in the overcurrent
condition).
The speed of the average current limit circuit is limited by
the dynamics of the error amplifier. On a hard output short,
it would be possible for the inductor current to increase
substantially beyond current limit before the average cur-
rent limit circuit would react. For this reason, there is a
second current limit circuit which turns off switch A if the
current ever exceeds approximately 165% of the average
current limit value. This provides additional protection in
the case of an instantaneous hard output short.
Reverse Current Limit
The reverse current comparator on switch D monitors
the inductor current entering V_OUT1. When this current
exceeds 250mA (typical) switch D will be turned off for
the remainder of the switching cycle.
Burst Mode Operation
With the PWM pin held low, the buck-boost converter
operates utilizing a variable frequency switching algorithm
designed to improve efficiency at light load and reduce
the standby current at zero load. In Burst Mode operation,
the inductor is charged with fixed peak amplitude current
pulses. These current pulses are repeated as often as
necessary to maintain the output regulation voltage. The
typical output current which can be supplied in Burst Mode
operaton is dependent upon the input and output voltage
as given by the following formula:
( ) I_{OUT(MAX),BURST}
=
0.11• V_IN
V_IN + V_OUT
A
In Burst Mode operation, the error amplifier is not used but
is instead placed in a low current standby mode to reduce
supply current and improve light load efficiency.
Soft-Start
The buck-boost converter has an internal voltage mode
soft-start circuit with a nominal duration of 600μs. The
converter remains in regulation during soft-start and will
therefore respond to output load transients that occur
during this time. In addition, the output voltage rise time
3522fa
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