N1912A-P Datasheet, PDF (9/14 Pages) Keysight Technologies – P-Series Power Meters and

09 | Keysight N1911A/N1912A P-Series Power Meters and N1921A/N1922A Wideband Power Sensors - Data Sheet
Appendix A
Uncertainty calculations for a power measurement (settled, average power)
[Specification values from this document are in bold italic, values calculated on this page are underlined.]
Process
1. Power level: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
W
2. Frequency: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Calculate meter uncertainty:
Calculate noise contribution
–– If in Free Run mode, Noise = Measurement noise x free run multiplier
–– If in Trigger mode, Noise = Noise-per-sample x noise per sample multiplier
Convert noise contribution to a relative term ¹ = Noise/Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
%
Instrumentation linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
%
Drift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
%
RSS of above three terms => Meter uncertainty = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
%
4. Zero Uncertainty
(Mode and frequency dependent) = Zero set/Power =. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
%
%
5. Sensor calibration uncertainty
(Sensor, frequency, power and temperature dependent) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
%
6. System contribution, coverage factor of 2 => sys_rss =. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
%
(RSS three terms from steps 3, 4 and 5)
7. Standard uncertainty of mismatch
Max SWR (Frequency dependent) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
convert to reflection coefficient, | ρ_Sensor | = (SWR–1)/(SWR+1) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Max DUT SWR (Frequency dependent) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
convert to reflection coefficient, | ρ_DUT | = (SWR–1)/(SWR+1) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Combined measurement uncertainty @ k=1
U_C =
Max(r_DUT) • Max(r_Sensor)
2
+
2
sys_rss
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
%
2
2
Expanded uncertainty, k = 2, = U_C • 2 =. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
%
1.  The noise to power ratio is capped for powers > 100 uW, in these cases use: Noise/100 µW.