ICL8038_01 Datasheet, PDF (6/12 Pages) Intersil Corporation – Precision Waveform Generator/Voltage Controlled Oscillator

ICL8038
Neither time nor frequency are dependent on supply voltage,
even though none of the voltages are regulated inside the
integrated circuit. This is due to the fact that both currents
and thresholds are direct, linear functions of the supply
voltage and thus their effects cancel.
Reducing Distortion
To minimize sine wave distortion the 82kΩ resistor between
pins 11 and 12 is best made variable. With this arrangement
distortion of less than 1% is achievable. To reduce this even
further, two potentiometers can be connected as shown in
Figure 4; this configuration allows a typical reduction of sine
wave distortion close to 0.5%.
V+
R_A
1kΩ
R_B
R_L
74
5
69
8
ICL8038
3
10
11
12
C
12
100kΩ
10kΩ
10kΩ
100kΩ
V- OR GND
FIGURE 4. CONNECTION TO ACHIEVE MINIMUM SINE WAVE
DISTORTION
Selecting R_A, R_B and C
For any given output frequency, there is a wide range of RC
combinations that will work, however certain constraints are
placed upon the magnitude of the charging current for
optimum performance. At the low end, currents of less than
1µA are undesirable because circuit leakages will contribute
significant errors at high temperatures. At higher currents
(I > 5mA), transistor betas and saturation voltages will
contribute increasingly larger errors. Optimum performance
will, therefore, be obtained with charging currents of 10µA to
1mA. If pins 7 and 8 are shorted together, the magnitude of
the charging current due to R_A can be calculated from:
I = ^R-----¹---₍--^×_R----⁽-₁--^V--+--⁺---_R----–-₂---₎^V-----^----⁾ × -_R--¹--_A-- = -⁰---^.--²---²----⁽--_RV----⁺_A-----–-----^V----^---⁾
R₁ and R₂ are shown in the Detailed Schematic.
A similar calculation holds for R_B.
The capacitor value should be chosen at the upper end of its
possible range.
Waveform Out Level Control and Power Supplies
The waveform generator can be operated either from a
single power supply (10V to 30V) or a dual power supply
(±5V to ±15V). With a single power supply the average
levels of the triangle and sine wave are at exactly one-half of
the supply voltage, while the square wave alternates
between V+ and ground. A split power supply has the
advantage that all waveforms move symmetrically about
ground.
The square wave output is not committed. A load resistor
can be connected to a different power supply, as long as the
applied voltage remains within the breakdown capability of
the waveform generator (30V). In this way, the square wave
output can be made TTL compatible (load resistor
connected to +5V) while the waveform generator itself is
powered from a much higher voltage.
Frequency Modulation and Sweeping
The frequency of the waveform generator is a direct function
of the DC voltage at Terminal 8 (measured from V+). By
altering this voltage, frequency modulation is performed. For
small deviations (e.g. ±10%) the modulating signal can be
applied directly to pin 8, merely providing DC decoupling
with a capacitor as shown in Figure 5A. An external resistor
between pins 7 and 8 is not necessary, but it can be used to
increase input impedance from about 8kΩ (pins 7 and 8
connected together), to about (R + 8kΩ).
For larger FM deviations or for frequency sweeping, the
modulating signal is applied between the positive supply
voltage and pin 8 (Figure 5B). In this way the entire bias for
the current sources is created by the modulating signal, and
a very large (e.g. 1000:1) sweep range is created
(f = Minimum at V_SWEEP = 0, i.e., Pin 8 = V+). Care must be
taken, however, to regulate the supply voltage; in this
configuration the charge current is no longer a function of the
supply voltage (yet the trigger thresholds still are) and thus
the frequency becomes dependent on the supply voltage.
The potential on Pin 8 may be swept down from V+ by (¹/₃
V_SUPPLY - 2V).
R_A
R_B
V+
R_L
74
R
8
5
ICL8038
69
3
FM
10
11
12 ²
C
81K
V- OR GND
FIGURE 5A. CONNECTIONS FOR FREQUENCY MODULATION
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