AL-AA Datasheet, PDF (1/16 Pages) List of Unclassifed Manufacturers – Primary Batteries Alkaline, Heavy Duty

Application Notes &
Product Data Sheet
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Primary Batteries—
Alkaline, & Heavy Duty
I. General Information
Definition of a Battery
A battery is a portable energy source that is made up
of three basic components—an anode, a cathode and
an electrolyte.
The anode is the negative portion of the battery, the
cathode is the positive portion and the electrolyte is
a liquid solution that aids in the flow of energy.
These three components can be made up of many
different materials and combined in an almost endless
array of sizes and shapes. The choice of materials
used, and the quality, grade and density of these
materials will play a major role in determining the
energy levels and performance of batteries.
II. Chemical Systems and
Construction
Primary batteries were first made in the mid-1800’s.
These early batteries were known as zinc carbons.
Zinc carbon technology is still around but it has been
updated with purer, quality grade materials and a
different electrolyte. This formulation is now called
zinc chloride (heavy duty).
Today, many designers choose alkaline manganese
batteries. These batteries provide a much higher
energy output which is needed for the fast growing
demand for portable power.
Rayovac has played an important role in this battery
history. Founded in 1906, Rayovac is an international
manufacturer and marketer of alkaline, and heavy
duty batteries.
Alkaline
Alkaline batteries provide the longest service life for
high drain devices. They will last more than twice as
long as heavy duty batteries in certain applications.
Alkaline batteries get their long life from their unique
construction and the purity of the materials used.
(Diagram 1)
The alkaline cathode is a mixture of manganese
dioxide, graphite, and electrolyte. This mixture is
granulated, aged in storage, and then compacted into
a pressed cylindrical assembly. This mixture is
inserted into a steel can. The steel can and the
mixture become the cathode of the alkaline battery.
An indentation is made near the top of the can and
sealant is placed just above it. These two steps help
safeguard the battery against leakage.
Cutaway of an Alkaline Battery
TOP
PLATE
LABEL
GEL
NAIL
NEGATIVE
SEALANT
POSITIVE
SEALANT
BOTTOM
PLATE
BOTTOM DISK
PAPER
SEPARATOR
MIX CYLINDERS
STEEL CAN
SAFETY VENT
PLASTIC GASKET
Diagram 1
1