ATMEGA48_11 Datasheet, PDF (149/377 Pages) ATMEL Corporation – High performance, low power Atmel AVR 8-bit microcontroller Advanced RISC architecture

ATmega48/88/168
output can be generated by setting the COM2x1:0 to three. TOP is defined as 0xFF when
WGM2:0 = 3, and OCR2A when MGM2:0 = 7 (See Table 18-4 on page 154). The actual OC2x
value will only be visible on the port pin if the data direction for the port pin is set as output. The
PWM waveform is generated by clearing (or setting) the OC2x Register at the compare match
between OCR2x and TCNT2 when the counter increments, and setting (or clearing) the OC2x
Register at compare match between OCR2x and TCNT2 when the counter decrements. The
PWM frequency for the output when using phase correct PWM can be calculated by the follow-
ing equation:
f_OCnxPCPWM
=
-^f--^c--^l--^k--^_---^I-^/--^O--
N ⋅ 510
The N variable represents the prescale factor (1, 8, 32, 64, 128, 256, or 1024).
The extreme values for the OCR2A Register represent special cases when generating a PWM
waveform output in the phase correct PWM mode. If the OCR2A is set equal to BOTTOM, the
output will be continuously low and if set equal to MAX the output will be continuously high for
non-inverted PWM mode. For inverted PWM the output will have the opposite logic values.
At the very start of period 2 in Figure 18-7 on page 148 OCnx has a transition from high to low
even though there is no Compare Match. The point of this transition is to guarantee symmetry
around BOTTOM. There are two cases that give a transition without Compare Match.
• OCR2A changes its value from MAX, like in Figure 18-7 on page 148. When the OCR2A value
is MAX the OCn pin value is the same as the result of a down-counting compare match. To
ensure symmetry around BOTTOM the OCn value at MAX must correspond to the result of an
up-counting Compare Match
• The timer starts counting from a value higher than the one in OCR2A, and for that reason
misses the Compare Match and hence the OCn change that would have happened on the way
up
18.8
Timer/counter timing diagrams
The following figures show the Timer/Counter in synchronous mode, and the timer clock (clk_T2)
is therefore shown as a clock enable signal. In asynchronous mode, clk_I/O should be replaced by
the Timer/Counter Oscillator clock. The figures include information on when Interrupt Flags are
set. Figure 18-8 contains timing data for basic Timer/Counter operation. The figure shows the
count sequence close to the MAX value in all modes other than phase correct PWM mode.
Figure 18-8. Timer/counter timing diagram, no prescaling.
clk_I/O
clk_Tn
(clk_I/O/1)
TCNTn
TOVn
MAX - 1
MAX
BOTTOM
BOTTOM + 1
Figure 18-9 on page 150 shows the same timing data, but with the prescaler enabled.
2545T–AVR–05/11
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