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ORINOCO
STS-12/STM-4 DS3/E3/STS-1E SONET/SDH Mapper
Product Brief
Part Number S1204CBI21, Revision 1.5, Dec. 2002
Overview
SONET/SDH Processing
The ORINOCO implements SONET/SDH processing for STS-12/
STM-4 or STS-3/STM-1 data streams. It can support STS-1 sig-
nals within an STS-12 or STS-3, or any combination of TUG-3/
AU-4 or AU-3 signals within an STM-1 or STM-4. The ORINOCO
supports the mapping of DS3, E3 or STS-1 tributaries into SONET
or SDH. For DS3/E3/STS-1E tributaries, the ORINOCO provides
full framing and performance monitoring.
In the SONET/SDH receive direction, the ORINOCO performs
framing, descrambling, and TOH monitoring, including B1/B2 per-
formance monitoring, serial channel access to the DCC, User
Channel and Orderwire bytes, and monitoring of the J0, K1K2
(APS, AIS-L and RDI-L detection), S1 and M1 bytes. While pro-
cessing the received pointers, the ORINOCO locates the start of
the embedded SPEs and provides monitoring capabilities for the
POH and pointer bytes.
In the SONET/SDH transmit direction, the ORINOCO generates
the appropriate SPE/VCs containing the input DS3/E3/STS-1E
signals, including generation of path overhead (with generation of
AIS-P and RDI-P). A SONET/SDH STS-12/STM-4 or STS-3/STM-
1 frame is then created, with its corresponding TOH. The user has
the ability to control the contents of all defined TOH bytes, includ-
ing register map control of the K1K2, J0, M1 and S1 bytes, as well
as serial channel access to the DCC, User Channel and Order-
wire bytes. The B1 and B2 bytes are automatically generated, as
well as AIS-L and RDI-L indications.
The ORINOCO is SONET and SDH standards compliant with
Bellcore GR-253 and GR-499 and ITU G.707 and G.783.
DS3/E3 Processing
The ORINOCO provides DS3/E3 mapper and de-mapper func-
tions. The DS3/E3 mapper accepts data from an external DS3/E3
input, looped-back DS3/E3 tributaries, or internal DS3/E3 frame
generators. The ORINOCO provides full DS3/E3 framing and per-
formance monitoring in both transmit and receive directions.
The ORINOCO supports both M23 and C-bit parity DS3 frame for-
mats. It provides the following DS3 mapping options: DS3/STS-1,
DS3/AU-3 and DS3/TUG-3/AU-4.
The ORINOCO supports both the G.751 and G.832 E3 frame for-
mats. It provides the following E3 mapping options: E3/AU-3 and
E3/TUG-3/AU-4.
DS3 monitoring functionality includes support for AIS, idle, RAI,
AIC, FEAC, path parity, FEBE detection/insertion, detection of
DS3 frame errors (OOF and SEF), and DS3 performance monitor-
ing per ANSI T1.231.
E3 monitoring functionality includes detection of REI, RDI, LOF,
AIS, and BIP-4/BIP-8 parity errors, as well as errored block and
errored second indications.
STS-1 Processing
The ORINOCO provides STS-1 mapper and de-mapper func-
tions. The STS-1 mapper accepts data from external STS-1E
inputs and/or from looped-back STS-1 tributaries. The ORINOCO
provides full STS-1 framing, descrambling, performance monitor-
ing and pointer processing in the transmit direction. In the receive
direction, the ORINOCO provides full STS-1 frame generation
and scrambling.
Line Interface
On the line side, the ORINOCO supports an 8-bit parallel interface
which operates at 77.76 MHz for STS-12/STM-4 applications. In
this mode, the device is connected to the S3037 parallel-to-serial
converter (see application figure below). Optionally, the
ORINOCO supports a serial line interface which operates at
622.08 MHz for STS-12/STM-4 applications, or at 155.52 MHz or
STS-3/STM-1. In these applications, the device is connected to
the S3024 clock recovery device.
APS Interface
The ORINOCO provides APS input and output interfaces to con-
vey signals between two S1204 devices configured for APS oper-
ation. This configuration supports both 1+1 and 1:1
configurations. The APS interface consists of serial clock and
data, operating a 622 MHz for STS-12/STM-4 operation, or 155
MHz for STS-3/STM-1 operation.
System Interface
The ORINOCO supports up to 12 DS3/E3/STS1 tributaries. In the
SONET/SDH Receive direction, the ORINOCO generates a serial
(NRZ) data signal, accompanied by a smoothed DS3/E3 clock
and a start of frame indication for each DS3/E3 tributary. For STS-
1E tributaries, the ORINOCO provides RX serial (NRZ) data and
clock and frame start signals at 51.84 MHz.
In the SONET/SDH Transmit direction, the ORINOCO provides
two modes of operation. In clear-channel mode, the ORINOCO
accepts a full DS3/E3 signal, payload and overhead bits, and per-
forms framing on the incoming signal. The frame start inputs are
ignored in this mode of operation. In DS3 payload only mode, the
ORINOCO accepts the DS3 payload only on the data inputs. The
frame start signal indicates the start of the payload (the first data
bit following the X1 overhead bit). The ORINOCO maps the DS3
payload data into a full DS3 frame, prior to mapping into a
SONET/SDH SPE.
DS3/E3 Desynchronizer
The ORINOCO provides for dense DS3/E3 integration by per-
forming all functions related to DS3/E3 desynchronization. The
clock smoother consists of a single, off-chip clock reference
together with 12 independent on-chip digitally controlled modula-
tors, digital filters and frequency detectors. This desynchronizer
circuitry provides jitter and wander compliance to the ANSI T1-
105.03-1994 and ANSI T1-105.03b-1997 specifications.
Packaging and Power
The ORINOCO is packaged in a ceramic ball grid array totaling
474 pins (CBGA474). Two power sources, +3.3V and +2.5V, sup-
plies the I/O and core voltages respectively.
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